LIPE phospho S855
Function
Lipase with broad substrate specificity, catalyzing the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), monoacylglycerols (MAGs), cholesteryl esters and retinyl esters (PubMed:15716583, PubMed:15955102, PubMed:19800417, PubMed:8812477). Shows a preferential hydrolysis of DAGs over TAGs and MAGs and preferentially hydrolyzes the fatty acid (FA) esters at the sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone in DAGs (PubMed:19800417). Preferentially hydrolyzes FA esters at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone in TAGs (By similarity). Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endocannabinoid and of 2-acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether, the penultimate precursor of the pathway for de novo synthesis of platelet-activating factor (By similarity). In adipose tissue and heart, it primarily hydrolyzes stored triglycerides to free fatty acids, while in steroidogenic tissues, it principally converts cholesteryl esters to free cholesterol for steroid hormone production (By similarity).
Involvement in disease
Lipodystrophy, familial partial, 6
FPLD6
A form of lipodystrophy characterized by abnormal subcutaneous fat distribution. Affected individuals have increased visceral fat, impaired lipolysis, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, systemic insulin resistance, and diabetes. Some patients manifest muscular dystrophy.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Pathway
Glycerolipid metabolism; triacylglycerol degradation.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylation by AMPK reduces its translocation towards the lipid droplets.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the 'GDXG' lipolytic enzyme family.
Tissue Specificity
Testis.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Membrane
- Caveola
- Cytoplasm
- Cytosol
- Lipid droplet
- Found in the high-density caveolae. Translocates to the cytoplasm from the caveolae upon insulin stimulation (PubMed:17026959). Phosphorylation by AMPK reduces its translocation towards the lipid droplets (By similarity).
Alternative names
Hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL, Monoacylglycerol lipase LIPE, Retinyl ester hydrolase, REH, LIPE