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Function

Lipase with broad substrate specificity, catalyzing the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), monoacylglycerols (MAGs), cholesteryl esters and retinyl esters (PubMed:15716583, PubMed:15955102, PubMed:19800417, PubMed:8812477). Shows a preferential hydrolysis of DAGs over TAGs and MAGs and preferentially hydrolyzes the fatty acid (FA) esters at the sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone in DAGs (PubMed:19800417). Preferentially hydrolyzes FA esters at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone in TAGs (By similarity). Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endocannabinoid and of 2-acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether, the penultimate precursor of the pathway for de novo synthesis of platelet-activating factor (By similarity). In adipose tissue and heart, it primarily hydrolyzes stored triglycerides to free fatty acids, while in steroidogenic tissues, it principally converts cholesteryl esters to free cholesterol for steroid hormone production (By similarity).

Involvement in disease

Lipodystrophy, familial partial, 6

FPLD6

A form of lipodystrophy characterized by abnormal subcutaneous fat distribution. Affected individuals have increased visceral fat, impaired lipolysis, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, systemic insulin resistance, and diabetes. Some patients manifest muscular dystrophy.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Pathway

Glycerolipid metabolism; triacylglycerol degradation.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylation by AMPK reduces its translocation towards the lipid droplets.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the 'GDXG' lipolytic enzyme family.

Tissue specificity

Testis.

Cellular localization

  • Cell membrane
  • Membrane
  • Caveola
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cytosol
  • Lipid droplet
  • Found in the high-density caveolae. Translocates to the cytoplasm from the caveolae upon insulin stimulation (PubMed:17026959). Phosphorylation by AMPK reduces its translocation towards the lipid droplets (By similarity).

Alternative names

Hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL, Monoacylglycerol lipase LIPE, Retinyl ester hydrolase, REH, LIPE

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Metabolism

Molecular weight

116598Da

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