Lamin-A/C
Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that assemble into a filamentous meshwork, and which constitute the major components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane (PubMed:10080180, PubMed:10580070, PubMed:10587585, PubMed:10814726, PubMed:11799477, PubMed:12075506, PubMed:12927431, PubMed:15317753, PubMed:18551513, PubMed:18611980, PubMed:2188730, PubMed:22431096, PubMed:2344612, PubMed:23666920, PubMed:24741066, PubMed:31434876, PubMed:31548606, PubMed:37788673, PubMed:37832547). Lamins provide a framework for the nuclear envelope, bridging the nuclear envelope and chromatin, thereby playing an important role in nuclear assembly, chromatin organization, nuclear membrane and telomere dynamics (PubMed:10080180, PubMed:10580070, PubMed:10587585, PubMed:10814726, PubMed:11799477, PubMed:12075506, PubMed:12927431, PubMed:15317753, PubMed:18551513, PubMed:18611980, PubMed:22431096, PubMed:23666920, PubMed:24741066, PubMed:31548606, PubMed:37788673, PubMed:37832547). Lamin A and C also regulate matrix stiffness by conferring nuclear mechanical properties (PubMed:23990565, PubMed:25127216). The structural integrity of the lamina is strictly controlled by the cell cycle, as seen by the disintegration and formation of the nuclear envelope in prophase and telophase, respectively (PubMed:2188730, PubMed:2344612). Lamin A and C are present in equal amounts in the lamina of mammals (PubMed:10080180, PubMed:10580070, PubMed:10587585, PubMed:10814726, PubMed:11799477, PubMed:12075506, PubMed:12927431, PubMed:15317753, PubMed:18551513, PubMed:18611980, PubMed:22431096, PubMed:23666920, PubMed:31548606). Also invoved in DNA repair: recruited by DNA repair proteins XRCC4 and IFFO1 to the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to prevent chromosome translocation by immobilizing broken DNA ends (PubMed:31548606). Required for normal development of peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscle and for muscle satellite cell proliferation (PubMed:10080180, PubMed:10814726, PubMed:11799477, PubMed:18551513, PubMed:22431096). Required for osteoblastogenesis and bone formation (PubMed:12075506, PubMed:15317753, PubMed:18611980). Also prevents fat infiltration of muscle and bone marrow, helping to maintain the volume and strength of skeletal muscle and bone (PubMed:10587585). Required for cardiac homeostasis (PubMed:10580070, PubMed:12927431, PubMed:18611980, PubMed:23666920).
Prelamin-A/C
Prelamin-A/C can accelerate smooth muscle cell senescence (PubMed:20458013). It acts to disrupt mitosis and induce DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to mitotic failure, genomic instability, and premature senescence (PubMed:20458013).
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2, autosomal dominant
EDMD2
A form of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, a degenerative myopathy characterized by weakness and atrophy of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, early contractures of the elbows, Achilles tendons and spine, and cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac conduction defects.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 3, autosomal recessive
EDMD3
A form of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, a degenerative myopathy characterized by weakness and atrophy of muscle without involvement of the nervous system, early contractures of the elbows, Achilles tendons and spine, and cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac conduction defects.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1A
CMD1A
A disorder characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Patients are at risk of premature death.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Lipodystrophy, familial partial, 2
FPLD2
A disorder characterized by the loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the lower parts of the body (limbs, buttocks, trunk). It is accompanied by an accumulation of adipose tissue in the face and neck causing a double chin, fat neck, or cushingoid appearance. Adipose tissue may also accumulate in the axillae, back, labia majora, and intraabdominal region. Affected patients are insulin-resistant and may develop glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus after age 20 years, hypertriglyceridemia, and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, 2B1
CMT2B1
A recessive axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathies (designated CMT1 when they are dominantly inherited) and primary peripheral axonal neuropathies (CMT2). Neuropathies of the CMT2 group are characterized by signs of axonal degeneration in the absence of obvious myelin alterations, normal or slightly reduced nerve conduction velocities, and progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
HGPS
Rare genetic disorder characterized by features reminiscent of marked premature aging.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. HGPS is caused by the toxic accumulation of a truncated form of lamin-A/C. This mutant protein, called progerin (isoform 6), acts to deregulate mitosis and DNA damage signaling, leading to premature cell death and senescence. The mutant form is mainly generated by a silent or missense mutation at codon 608 of prelamin A that causes activation of a cryptic splice donor site, resulting in production of isoform 6 with a deletion of 50 amino acids near the C terminus. Progerin lacks the conserved ZMPSTE24/FACE1 cleavage site and therefore remains permanently farnesylated. Thus, although it can enter the nucleus and associate with the nuclear envelope, it cannot incorporate normally into the nuclear lamina (PubMed:12714972).
Cardiomyopathy, dilated, with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
CMDHH
A disorder characterized by the association of genital anomalies, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and dilated cardiomyopathy. Patients can present other variable clinical manifestations including intellectual disability, skeletal anomalies, scleroderma-like skin, graying and thinning of hair, osteoporosis. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure and arrhythmia.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Mandibuloacral dysplasia with type A lipodystrophy
MADA
A form of mandibuloacral dysplasia, a rare progeroid disorder with clinical and genetic heterogeneity, characterized by growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphic features due to distal bone resorption, musculoskeletal and skin abnormalities associated with lipodystrophy. MADA is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by mandibular and clavicular hypoplasia, acroosteolysis, delayed closure of the cranial suture, progeroid appearance, partial alopecia, soft tissue calcinosis, joint contractures, and partial lipodystrophy with loss of subcutaneous fat from the extremities. Adipose tissue in the face, neck and trunk is normal or increased.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Restrictive dermopathy 2
RSDM2
An autosomal dominant form of restrictive dermopathy, a genodermatosis mainly characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, tight and rigid skin with erosions, prominent superficial vasculature and epidermal hyperkeratosis, facial dysmorphism, sparse/absent eyelashes and eyebrows, mineralization defects of the skull, thin dysplastic clavicles, pulmonary hypoplasia, multiple joint contractures and an early neonatal lethal course. Liveborn children usually die within the first week of life.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Heart-hand syndrome Slovenian type
HHS-Slovenian
Heart-hand syndrome (HHS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by the co-occurrence of a congenital cardiac disease and limb malformations.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Muscular dystrophy congenital LMNA-related
MDCL
A form of congenital muscular dystrophy. Patients present at birth, or within the first few months of life, with hypotonia, muscle weakness and often with joint contractures.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Defects in LMNA may cause a late-onset cardiocutaneous progeria syndrome characterized by cutaneous manifestations of aging appearing in the third decade of life, cardiac valve calcification and dysfunction, prominent atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy, leading to death on average in the fourth decade.
Proteolytic cleavage of the C-terminal of 18 residues of prelamin-A/C results in the production of lamin-A/C (PubMed:20458013, PubMed:8175923, PubMed:9030603). The prelamin-A/C maturation pathway includes farnesylation of CAAX motif by protein farnesyltransferase (FNTA and FNTB), removal of the last three amino acids (-AAX) by RCE1/FACE2 and/or ZMPSTE24, methylation of the C-terminal cysteine by ICMT and endoproteolytic removal of the last 15 C-terminal amino acids by ZMPSTE24 (PubMed:20458013, PubMed:8175923, PubMed:9030603). Proteolytic cleavage requires prior farnesylation and methylation, and absence of these blocks cleavage (PubMed:20458013, PubMed:8175923, PubMed:9030603).
Farnesylation of prelamin-A/C facilitates nuclear envelope targeting.
Phosphorylation plays a key role in lamin organization, subcellular localization and nuclear envelope disintegration (PubMed:2188730, PubMed:2344612, PubMed:24741066, PubMed:37788673, PubMed:37832547). Phosphorylation by CDK1 at Ser-22 and Ser-392 at the onset of mitosis drives lamin disassembly and nuclear envelope breakdown (PubMed:2188730, PubMed:2344612). Phosphorylation at Ser-22 and Ser-392 during interphase promotes localization to the nucleoplasm and regulates lamina assembly (PubMed:24741066). Phosphorylation at Ser-22, Ser-392 and Ser-628 during interphase causes redistribution between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (PubMed:24741066). Phosphorylation at Ser-22 by CDK1 regulates matrix stiffness (PubMed:25127216). Phosphorylation status of Ser-22 determines its localization between double-strand break (DSB) sites and the nuclear matrix (PubMed:31548606). Phosphorylated by ATR at Ser-282 in response to DNA damage, leading to lamin disassembly and nuclear envelope rupture (PubMed:37832547). Phosphorylation also regulates stability in micronuclei arising from genome instability: phosphorylation at Ser-395 by ATR in response to genome instability and double-stranded DNA breaks primes LMNA for subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-392 by CDK1 and micronuclei envelope rupture (PubMed:37788673). The rupture of micronuclear envelope triggers the cGAS-STING pathway thereby activating the type I interferon response and innate immunity (PubMed:37788673).
Acetylation by KAT8 is required for nuclear architecture.
Sumoylation is necessary for the localization to the nuclear envelope.
Belongs to the intermediate filament family.
In the arteries, prelamin-A/C accumulation is not observed in young healthy vessels but is prevalent in medial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from aged individuals and in atherosclerotic lesions, where it often colocalizes with senescent and degenerate VSMCs. Prelamin-A/C expression increases with age and disease. In normal aging, the accumulation of prelamin-A/C is caused in part by the down-regulation of ZMPSTE24/FACE1 in response to oxidative stress.
Proteins
Epigenetics
74139Da
We found 57 products in 4 categories
ab108595
Anti-Lamin A + Lamin C antibody [EPR4100] - Nuclear Envelope Marker
ab227176
ab224816
ab264322