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LY6E_HUMAN

Function

GPI-anchored cell surface protein that regulates T-lymphocytes proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Regulates the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling by interacting with component CD3Z/CD247 at the plasma membrane, leading to CD3Z/CD247 phosphorylation modulation (By similarity). Restricts the entry of human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, by interfering with spike protein-mediated membrane fusion (PubMed:32641482). Plays also an essential role in placenta formation by acting as the main receptor for syncytin-A (SynA). Therefore, participates in the normal fusion of syncytiotrophoblast layer I (SynT-I) and in the proper morphogenesis of both fetal and maternal vasculatures within the placenta. May also act as a modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) activity (By similarity).

(Microbial infection) Promotes entry, likely through an enhanced virus-cell fusion process, of various viruses including HIV-1, West Nile virus, dengue virus and Zika virus (PubMed:28130445). In contrast, the paramyxovirus PIV5, which enters at the plasma membrane, does not require LY6E (PubMed:28130445, PubMed:29610346). Mechanistically, adopts a microtubule-like organization upon viral infection and enhances viral uncoating after endosomal escape (PubMed:28130445, PubMed:30190477).

Tissue specificity

Widely expressed, predominantly in liver, kidney, ovary, spleen and peripheral blood Leukocytes.

Cellular localization

  • Cell membrane
  • Lipid-anchor
  • GPI-anchor

Alternative names

  • Lymphocyte antigen 6E
  • Ly-6E
  • Retinoic acid-induced gene E protein
  • Stem cell antigen 2
  • Thymic shared antigen 1
  • RIG-E
  • SCA-2
  • TSA-1
  • SCA2
  • TSA1
  • RIGE
  • LY6E
  • 9804

Target type

Proteins

Molecular weight

13507Da