Ubiquitin-like modifier that plays a crucial role in antibacterial autophagy (xenophagy) through the selective binding of CALCOCO2 (PubMed:23022382). Recruits all ATG8 family members to infecting bacteria such as S.typhimurium (PubMed:23022382). May also play a role in aggrephagy, the macroautophagic degradation of ubiquitinated and aggregated proteins (PubMed:28404643).
The precursor molecule is cleaved by ATG4 (ATG4A, ATG4B, ATG4C or ATG4D) to expose the glycine at the C-terminus and form the cytosolic form, LC3-I (PubMed:15187094, PubMed:20818167, PubMed:30661429, PubMed:31709703). The processed form is then activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II (PubMed:15187094). During non-canonical autophagy, the processed form is conjugated to phosphatidylserine (PS) phospholipid (PubMed:33909989). ATG4 proteins also mediate the delipidation of PE-conjugated forms (PubMed:31709703, PubMed:33909989). In addition, ATG4B and ATG4D mediate delipidation of ATG8 proteins conjugated to PS during non-canonical autophagy (PubMed:33909989).
(Microbial infection) The Legionella effector RavZ is a deconjugating enzyme that hydrolyzes the amide bond between the C-terminal glycine residue and an adjacent aromatic residue in ATG8 proteins conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), producing an ATG8 protein that is resistant to reconjugation by the host machinery due to the cleavage of the reactive C-terminal glycine (PubMed:23112293, PubMed:31722778). RavZ is also able to mediate delipidation of ATG8 proteins conjugated to phosphatidylserine (PS) (PubMed:33909989).
Phosphorylation at Ser-96 and Ser-98 by TBK1 prevents interaction with ATG4 (ATG4A, ATG4B, ATG4C or ATG4D) (PubMed:31709703). Phosphorylation by TBK1 on autophagosomes prevents their delipidation by ATG4 and premature removal from nascent autophagosomes (PubMed:31709703).
Belongs to the ATG8 family.
Most abundant in placenta, lung and ovary.
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C, Autophagy-related protein LC3 C, Autophagy-related ubiquitin-like modifier LC3 C, MAP1 light chain 3-like protein 3, MAP1A/MAP1B light chain 3 C, Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma, MAP1A/MAP1B LC3 C, MAP1LC3C
Proteins
Immunology & Infectious Disease
16852Da
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ab244212