MT-ND1
Function
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor (PubMed:1959619). Essential for the catalytic activity and assembly of complex I (PubMed:1959619, PubMed:26929434).
Involvement in disease
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
LHON
A maternally inherited form of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, a mitochondrial disease resulting in bilateral painless loss of central vision due to selective degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells and their axons. The disorder shows incomplete penetrance and male predominance. Cardiac conduction defects and neurological defects have also been described in some LHON patients. LHON results from primary mitochondrial DNA mutations affecting the respiratory chain complexes.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome
MELAS
Genetically heterogeneous disorder, characterized by episodic vomiting, seizures, and recurrent cerebral insults resembling strokes and causing hemiparesis, hemianopsia, or cortical blindness.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Alzheimer disease mitochondrial
AD-MT
Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia, loss of cognitive abilities, and deposition of fibrillar amyloid proteins as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits. The major constituents of these plaques are neurotoxic amyloid-beta protein 40 and amyloid-beta protein 42, that are produced by the proteolysis of the transmembrane APP protein. The cytotoxic C-terminal fragments (CTFs) and the caspase-cleaved products, such as C31, are also implicated in neuronal death.
None
Disease susceptibility may be associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
T2D
A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis caused by a lack of sensitivity to insulin. Affected individuals usually have an obese body habitus and manifestations of a metabolic syndrome characterized by diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. The disease results in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.
None
The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the complex I subunit 1 family.
Cellular localization
- Mitochondrion inner membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
Alternative names
MTND1, NADH1, ND1, MT-ND1, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1