MYD88
GeneName
MYD88
Summary
MYD88, also known as MyD-88, is a 33kDa adaptor protein that plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response. It is predominantly expressed in immune cells and localises to various cellular compartments, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and plasma membrane. MYD88 functions as a molecular adaptor, facilitating signal transduction for multiple Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). It is crucial for the activation of downstream signalling pathways, including the NF-kappaB and JNK cascades, which are essential for the regulation of inflammatory responses, leukocyte activation, and gene expression. MYD88 is involved in the cellular response to various stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharides and mechanical stress, and plays a role in the defence against various pathogens, including bacteria and viruses.
Importance
MYD88 is relevant to: - Innate immunity and the inflammatory response through its role in TLR and IL-1R signalling pathways. - Disease mechanisms involving chronic inflammation, such as autoimmune disorders, due to its regulation of cytokine production and leukocyte activation. - Cancer research, as MYD88 mutations are associated with certain lymphomas, impacting tumour microenvironment and immune evasion. - Therapeutic targeting in infectious diseases, given its central role in host defence mechanisms against pathogens.
Top Products
For researchers investigating MYD88, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies that cater to a variety of applications. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-MyD88 antibody (ab2064), which has garnered 160 citations, reflecting its strong reputation in the field. This antibody is validated for use in Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunocytochemistry (ICC), making it a reliable choice for diverse experimental needs. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-MyD88 antibody [EPR590(N)] (ab133739), which is also validated in knockout models. This versatile product is suitable for WB, IHC, ICC, and flow cytometry (FC), providing researchers with the batch-to-batch consistency that recombinant antibodies are known for. With 69 citations, it is gaining traction among scientists studying MYD88. Together, these antibodies provide robust options for your research. The Anti-MyD88 antibody ELISA Kit (ab219413), supported by 72 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure MyD88 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that MYD88 is a significant target in various studies related to inflammation, immune response, and cancer. The use of Abcam antibodies in both human and mouse models highlights the relevance of MYD88 in different biological contexts, including the effects of dietary components like resveratrol and curcumin, as well as its role in signalling pathways such as NF-κB. The studies encompass a range of applications, primarily Western blotting, demonstrating the versatility of MYD88 as a target in research.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Domain
The intermediate domain (ID) is required for the phosphorylation and activation of IRAK.
Function
Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response (PubMed:15361868, PubMed:18292575, PubMed:33718825, PubMed:37971847). Acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed:15361868, PubMed:19506249, PubMed:24316379, PubMed:40638072). Increases IL-8 transcription (PubMed:9013863). Involved in IL-18-mediated signaling pathway. Activates IRF1 resulting in its rapid migration into the nucleus to mediate an efficient induction of IFN-beta, NOS2/INOS, and IL12A genes. Upon TLR8 activation by GU-rich single-stranded RNA (GU-rich RNA) derived from viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and HIV-1, induces IL1B release through NLRP3 inflammasome activation (PubMed:33718825). MyD88-mediated signaling in intestinal epithelial cells is crucial for maintenance of gut homeostasis and controls the expression of the antimicrobial lectin REG3G in the small intestine (By similarity).
Involvement in disease
Immunodeficiency 68
IMD68
An autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by life-threatening, often recurrent, pyogenic bacterial infections, including invasive pneumococcal disease, beginning in infancy or early childhood.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Macroglobulinemia, Waldenstrom, 1
WM1
A malignant B-cell neoplasm characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the bone marrow and hypersecretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein. Clinical features are variable and include anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Many patients have asymptomatic or indolent disease.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Defects in MYD88 are frequently found in many hematological malignancies, such as activated B-cell type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma (CBCL) and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).
Post-translational modifications
Ubiquitinated; undergoes 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. OTUD4 specifically hydrolyzes 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitinated MYD88 (PubMed:29395066). Deubiquitinated by USP3 that cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains leading to inhibition of MYD88-induced NF-kappa-B signaling (PubMed:37971847).
(Microbial infection) Ubiquitinated by human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV) protein RTA/ORF50, leading to proteasomal degradation and suppression of TLR4 signaling pathway.
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
Alternative names
Myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88, MYD88
Database links
swissprot:Q99836 omim:602170 entrezGene:4615
Other research areas
- Epigenetics