Nitric oxide synthase, brain
GeneName
NOS1
Summary
NOS1, also known as nNOS or neuronal NOS, is a 161 kDa enzyme that synthesises nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine in the nervous system and other tissues. It is predominantly expressed in neurons, particularly in the brain and skeletal muscle, and plays a crucial role in neurotransmission and muscle contraction. NOS1 is localised in various cellular compartments, including the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and postsynaptic density, and is involved in processes such as synaptic signaling, regulation of blood pressure, and vasodilation. Its activity is regulated by calcium ions and calmodulin, and it interacts with several binding partners to modulate its function in response to cellular signals.
Importance
NOS1 is relevant to: - Neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, influencing learning and memory through nitric oxide signalling - Cardiovascular health, as it regulates blood pressure and vascular tone - Muscle physiology, particularly in striated muscle contraction and response to exercise - Pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and conditions involving oxidative stress due to its role in redox homeostasis and nitric oxide production - Potential therapeutic target in disorders related to nitric oxide dysregulation, such as hypertension and heart failure
Top Products
For researchers investigating NOS1, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies that cater to different experimental needs. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-nNOS (neuronal) antibody (ab1376), which has garnered 97 citations, reflecting its reliability in immunocytochemistry (ICC) and flow cytometry (FC). This antibody is a trusted choice for those focusing on these applications. In addition, we offer the recombinant monoclonal antibody, Anti-nNOS (neuronal) antibody [EP1855Y] (ab76067). This product has been validated for use in Western blotting (WB), ICC, immunoprecipitation (IP), and FC, making it a versatile option for various experimental setups. With 89 citations, it is also well-regarded in the research community. Together, these antibodies provide robust tools for studying NOS1 effectively. The Human NOS1 ELISA Kit (ab233628) is a reliable option for researchers looking to measure NOS1 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that NOS1 is being studied in various contexts related to nerve regeneration and diabetic complications. The use of different applications such as immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry highlights the importance of this target in understanding age-related changes and complications in rat models.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Domain
The PDZ domain participates in protein-protein interaction, and is responsible for targeting nNos to synaptic membranes. Mediates interaction with VAC14.
Function
Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter. Probably has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such SRR.
Post-translational modifications
Ubiquitinated; mediated by STUB1/CHIP in the presence of Hsp70 and Hsp40 (in vitro).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the NOS family.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform 1 is ubiquitously expressed: detected in skeletal muscle and brain, also in testis, lung and kidney, and at low levels in heart, adrenal gland and retina. Not detected in the platelets. Isoform 3 is expressed only in testis. Isoform 4 is detected in testis, skeletal muscle, lung, and kidney, at low levels in the brain, but not in the heart and adrenal gland.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Sarcolemma
- Peripheral membrane protein
- Cell projection
- Dendritic spine
- In skeletal muscle, it is localized beneath the sarcolemma of fast-twitch muscle fiber by associating with the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (By similarity). In neurons, enriched in dendritic spines (By similarity).
Alternative names
Nitric oxide synthase 1, Constitutive NOS, NC-NOS, NOS type I, Neuronal NOS, Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase NOS1, N-NOS, nNOS, bNOS, NOS1