NS

The dsRNA-binding region is required for suppression of RNA silencing.

Inhibits post-transcriptional processing of cellular pre-mRNA, by binding and inhibiting two cellular proteins that are required for the 3'-end processing of cellular pre-mRNAs: the 30 kDa cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor/CPSF4 and the poly(A)-binding protein 2/PABPN1. In turn, unprocessed 3' end pre-mRNAs accumulate in the host nucleus and are no longer exported to the cytoplasm. Cellular protein synthesis is thereby shut off very early after virus infection. Viral protein synthesis is not affected by the inhibition of the cellular 3' end processing machinery because the poly(A) tails of viral mRNAs are produced by the viral polymerase through a stuttering mechanism. Prevents the establishment of the cellular antiviral state by inhibiting TRIM25-mediated RIGI ubiquitination, which normally triggers the antiviral transduction signal that leads to the activation of type I IFN genes by transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7. Also binds poly(A) and U6 snRNA. Inhibits the integrated stress response (ISR) in the infected cell by blocking dsRNA binding by EIF2AK2/PKR and further phosphorylation of EIF2S1/EIF-2ALPHA (PubMed:33766561). Stress granule formation is thus inhibited, which allows protein synthesis and viral replication (PubMed:33766561).

Upon interferon induction, ISGylated via host HERC5; this results in the impairment of NS1 interaction with RNA targets due to its inability to form homodimers and to interact with host EIF2AK2/PKR. There are two ISGylated forms: one form is ISGylated at Lys-20, Lys-41, Lys-217, and Lys-219, and another one at Lys-108, Lys-110, and Lys-126, they represent band I and II respectively. Lys-126 and Lys-217 are critical for host antiviral response in vivo.

Belongs to the influenza A viruses NS1 family.

• Host nucleus
• Host cytoplasm
• In uninfected, transfected cells, NS1 is localized in the nucleus. Only in virus infected cells, the nuclear export signal is unveiled, presumably by a viral protein, and a fraction of NS1 is exported in the cytoplasm.

Non-structural protein 1, NS1, NS1A, NS

• swissprot:P03496

Proteins