P2RX7
Function
Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel. Responsible for ATP-dependent lysis of macrophages through the formation of membrane pores permeable to large molecules. Could function in both fast synaptic transmission and the ATP-mediated lysis of antigen-presenting cells. In the absence of its natural ligand, ATP, functions as a scavenger receptor in the recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells (PubMed:21821797, PubMed:23303206).
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylation results in its inactivation.
ADP-ribosylation at Arg-125 is necessary and sufficient to activate P2RX7 and gate the channel.
Palmitoylation of several cysteines in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail is required for efficient localization to cell surface.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the P2X receptor family.
Tissue Specificity
Widely expressed with highest levels in brain and immune tissues.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
Alternative names
P2X purinoceptor 7, P2X7, ATP receptor, P2Z receptor, Purinergic receptor, P2RX7