PAFAH1B1
Domain
Dimerization mediated by the LisH domain may be required to activate dynein.
Function
Regulatory subunit (beta subunit) of the cytosolic type I platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH (I)), an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolyze of the acetyl group at the sn-2 position of PAF and its analogs and participates in PAF inactivation. Regulates the PAF-AH (I) activity in a catalytic dimer composition-dependent manner (By similarity). Required for proper activation of Rho GTPases and actin polymerization at the leading edge of locomoting cerebellar neurons and postmigratory hippocampal neurons in response to calcium influx triggered via NMDA receptors (By similarity). Positively regulates the activity of the minus-end directed microtubule motor protein dynein. May enhance dynein-mediated microtubule sliding by targeting dynein to the microtubule plus end. Required for several dynein- and microtubule-dependent processes such as the maintenance of Golgi integrity, the peripheral transport of microtubule fragments and the coupling of the nucleus and centrosome. Required during brain development for the proliferation of neuronal precursors and the migration of newly formed neurons from the ventricular/subventricular zone toward the cortical plate. Neuronal migration involves a process called nucleokinesis, whereby migrating cells extend an anterior process into which the nucleus subsequently translocates. During nucleokinesis dynein at the nuclear surface may translocate the nucleus towards the centrosome by exerting force on centrosomal microtubules. May also play a role in other forms of cell locomotion including the migration of fibroblasts during wound healing. Required for dynein recruitment to microtubule plus ends and BICD2-bound cargos (PubMed:22956769). May modulate the Reelin pathway through interaction of the PAF-AH (I) catalytic dimer with VLDLR (By similarity).
Involvement in disease
Lissencephaly 1
LIS1
A classical lissencephaly. It is characterized by agyria or pachygyria and disorganization of the clear neuronal lamination of normal six-layered cortex. The cortex is abnormally thick and poorly organized with 4 primitive layers. Associated with enlarged and dysmorphic ventricles and often hypoplasia of the corpus callosum.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Subcortical band heterotopia
SBH
SBH is a mild brain malformation of the lissencephaly spectrum. It is characterized by bilateral and symmetric plates or bands of gray matter found in the central white matter between the cortex and cerebral ventricles, cerebral convolutions usually appearing normal.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Miller-Dieker lissencephaly syndrome
MDLS
A contiguous gene deletion syndrome of chromosome 17p13.3, characterized by classical lissencephaly and distinct facial features. Additional congenital malformations can be part of the condition.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the WD repeat LIS1/nudF family.
Tissue Specificity
Fairly ubiquitous expression in both the frontal and occipital areas of the brain.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton
- Microtubule organizing center
- Centrosome
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton
- Spindle
- Nucleus membrane
- Redistributes to axons during neuronal development. Also localizes to the microtubules of the manchette in elongating spermatids and to the meiotic spindle in spermatocytes (By similarity). Localizes to the plus end of microtubules and to the centrosome. May localize to the nuclear membrane.
Alternative names
LIS1, MDCR, MDS, PAFAHA, PAFAH1B1, Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit beta, Lissencephaly-1 protein, PAF acetylhydrolase 45 kDa subunit, PAF-AH alpha, LIS-1, PAF-AH 45 kDa subunit, PAFAH alpha