Pclo
Domain
C2 domain 1 is involved in binding calcium and phospholipids. Calcium binds with low affinity but with high specificity and induces a large conformational change.
Function
Scaffold protein of the presynaptic cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) which is the place in the synapse where neurotransmitter is released (PubMed:19812333). After synthesis, participates in the formation of Golgi-derived membranous organelles termed Piccolo-Bassoon transport vesicles (PTVs) that are transported along axons to sites of nascent synaptic contacts (By similarity). At the presynaptic active zone, regulates the spatial organization of synaptic vesicle cluster, the protein complexes that execute membrane fusion and compensatory endocytosis (By similarity). Organizes as well the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles and safeguards a fraction of them to be not immediately available for action potential-induced release (By similarity). Functions also in processes other than assembly such as the regulation of specific presynaptic protein ubiquitination by interacting with SIAH1 or the regulation of presynaptic autophagy (By similarity) (PubMed:28231469). Mediates also synapse to nucleus communication leading to reconfiguration of gene expression by associating with the transcriptional corepressor CTBP1 and by subsequently reducing the size of its pool available for nuclear import (By similarity).
Tissue Specificity
Highly expressed in brain. Moderately expressed in pituitary gland and pancreatic islets. Low levels found in stomach.
Cellular localization
- Presynaptic active zone
- Colocalizes with BSN in developing axons.
Alternative names
Acz, Pclo, Protein piccolo, Aczonin, Brain-derived HLMN protein, Multidomain presynaptic cytomatrix protein