PECAM1

GeneName

PECAM1

Summary

PECAM1, also known as CD31 or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, is an 83kDa transmembrane glycoprotein predominantly expressed in endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes. It is localised at the plasma membrane and is integral to cell-cell junctions, facilitating interactions between endothelial cells and leukocytes. PECAM1 plays a significant role in various biological processes including angiogenesis, cell-cell adhesion, and the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. Its functions are mediated through mechanisms such as homophilic binding and transmembrane signalling, contributing to endothelial integrity and vascular remodelling.

Importance

PECAM1 is relevant to: - Immune responses and inflammation, as it mediates leukocyte transmigration and diapedesis during immune cell activation - Vascular biology and angiogenesis, due to its role in endothelial cell migration and the establishment of the endothelial barrier - Neurovascular health, particularly in maintaining the blood-brain barrier and its implications in neuroinflammatory conditions - Chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, where it influences leukocyte adhesion and migration - Cardiovascular diseases, given its involvement in processes like vasodilation and wound healing.

Top Products

For researchers investigating PECAM1, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies that cater to your needs. The first is the highly regarded polyclonal antibody, Anti-CD31 antibody (ab28364), which has garnered an impressive 2635 citations, underscoring its reliability in immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, we offer the recombinant monoclonal antibody, Anti-CD31 antibody [EPR17259] (ab182981), which is also validated for IHC and has received 445 citations. This recombinant option provides the added benefit of batch-to-batch consistency, making it an ideal choice for those requiring dependable results in their studies. The Human CD31 ELISA Kit (PECAM) (ab190814), supported by 2 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure PECAM levels in their samples.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates a significant focus on the role of PECAM1 in various biological contexts, particularly in studies related to vascularization, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. The use of multiple applications, including immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF), across different species highlights the importance of PECAM1 in both normal physiological processes and pathological conditions such as cancer and diabetes.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Domain

The Ig-like C2-type domains 2 and 3 contribute to formation of the complex with BDKRB2 and in regulation of its activity.

Function

Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions (PubMed:17580308, PubMed:19342684). Tyr-690 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes (PubMed:19342684). Trans-homophilic interaction may play a role in endothelial cell-cell adhesion via cell junctions (PubMed:27958302). Heterophilic interaction with CD177 plays a role in transendothelial migration of neutrophils (PubMed:17580308). Homophilic ligation of PECAM1 prevents macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of neighboring viable leukocytes by transmitting a detachment signal (PubMed:12110892). Promotes macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes by tethering them to the phagocytic cells; PECAM1-mediated detachment signal appears to be disabled in apoptotic leukocytes (PubMed:12110892). Modulates bradykinin receptor BDKRB2 activation (PubMed:18672896). Regulates bradykinin- and hyperosmotic shock-induced ERK1/2 activation in endothelial cells (PubMed:18672896). Induces susceptibility to atherosclerosis (By similarity).

Isoform Delta15

Does not protect against apoptosis.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylated on Ser and Tyr residues after cellular activation by src kinases (PubMed:18710921, PubMed:19342684, PubMed:21464369, PubMed:9298995). Upon activation, phosphorylated on Ser-729 which probably initiates the dissociation of the membrane-interaction segment (residues 709-729) from the cell membrane allowing the sequential phosphorylation of Tyr-713 and Tyr-690 (PubMed:21464369). Constitutively phosphorylated on Ser-734 in resting platelets (PubMed:21464369). Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by FER and FES in response to FCER1 activation (By similarity). In endothelial cells Fyn mediates mechanical-force (stretch or pull) induced tyrosine phosphorylation (PubMed:18710921).

Palmitoylation by ZDHHC21 is necessary for cell surface expression in endothelial cells and enrichment in membrane rafts.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed on platelets and leukocytes and is primarily concentrated at the borders between endothelial cells (PubMed:18388311, PubMed:21464369). Expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (at protein level) (PubMed:17580308, PubMed:19342684). Expressed on neutrophils (at protein level) (PubMed:17580308). Isoform Long predominates in all tissues examined (PubMed:12433657). Isoform Delta12 is detected only in trachea (PubMed:12433657). Isoform Delta14-15 is only detected in lung (PubMed:12433657). Isoform Delta14 is detected in all tissues examined with the strongest expression in heart (PubMed:12433657). Isoform Delta15 is expressed in brain, testis, ovary, cell surface of platelets, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Jurkat T-cell leukemia, human erythroleukemia (HEL) and U-937 histiocytic lymphoma cell lines (at protein level) (PubMed:12433657, PubMed:18388311).

Cellular localization

• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Cell surface expression on neutrophils is down-regulated upon fMLP or CXCL8/IL8-mediated stimulation.
• Isoform Long
• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Membrane raft
• Cell junction
• Localizes to the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and recycles from the LBRC to the junction in resting endothelial cells.
• Isoform Delta15
• Cell junction
• Localizes to the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and recycles from the LBRC to the junction in resting endothelial cells.

Alternative names

CD31, Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, PECAM-1, EndoCAM, GPIIA', PECA1, PECAM1

Database links

swissprot:P16284 omim:173445 entrezGene:5175

Other research areas

• Cardiovascular
• Immunology & Infectious Disease