PF4
GeneName
PF4
Summary
PF4, also known as platelet factor 4, is an 11 kDa chemokine predominantly expressed by activated platelets. It is secreted into the extracellular space and plays a significant role in the regulation of various biological processes, including inflammation and immune responses. PF4 is involved in chemokine activity, binding to CXCR chemokine receptors, and has heparin-binding properties. It contributes to processes such as leukocyte chemotaxis, platelet activation, and the negative regulation of angiogenesis and blood coagulation, making it crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the vascular system.
Importance
PF4 is relevant to: - Inflammatory responses and immune cell recruitment due to its role in leukocyte chemotaxis and cytokine-mediated signalling. - Thrombosis and vascular diseases, as it is involved in platelet activation and the regulation of blood coagulation. - Cancer biology, given its function in negative regulation of angiogenesis and its potential impact on tumour microenvironments. - Host defence mechanisms, particularly in response to infections, as it mediates antimicrobial immune responses.
Top Products
For researchers investigating PF4, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies that cater to various experimental needs. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-PF4 antibody (ab9561), which has garnered 14 citations, reflecting its reliability in Western blotting (WB) and ELISA applications. This antibody is a trusted choice for those requiring robust performance in these techniques. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-PF4 antibody [EPR7763] (ab129183), which is validated for use in Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). With 6 citations, this monoclonal antibody provides the consistency and specificity that researchers often seek in their studies. Together, these antibodies provide a comprehensive toolkit for studying PF4 effectively. The Human PF4 ELISA Kit, Fluorescent (ab278096) is a reliable option for researchers looking to measure PF4 levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that the PF4 target has been studied in the context of systemic sclerosis using the Abcam antibody ab9561. The antibody was employed in both western blotting and immunocytochemistry-immunofluorescence applications in mouse models.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Chemokine released during platelet aggregation that plays a role in different biological processes including hematopoiesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation (PubMed:29930254, PubMed:9531587). Acts via different functional receptors including CCR1, CXCR3A or CXCR3B (PubMed:18174362, PubMed:29930254). Upon interaction with CXCR3A receptor, induces activated T-lymphocytes migration mediated via downstream Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling (PubMed:18174362, PubMed:24469069). Neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin by binding more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. Plays a role in the inhibition of hematopoiesis and in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence (PubMed:9531587). Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes via CCR1 (PubMed:29930254). Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation. In cooperation with toll-like receptor 8/TLR8, induces chromatin remodeling and activates inflammatory gene expression via the TBK1-IRF5 axis (PubMed:35701499). In addition, induces myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis in different precursor cells, including endothelial cells, by stimulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (PubMed:34986347). Interacts with thrombomodulin/THBD to enhance the activation of protein C and thus potentiates its anticoagulant activity (PubMed:9395524).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
Alternative names
CXCL4, SCYB4, PF4, Platelet factor 4, PF-4, C-X-C motif chemokine 4, Iroplact, Oncostatin-A