Pla2g2e
Developmental stage
Expressed abundantly in hair follicles during the anagen phase. Low expression is observed before birth, then follows hair cycle progression: up-regulated markedly during P5-P15 (anagen phase), declining to nearly the basal level during P20-P25 (catagen and telogen) and then increasing again at P30 (next anagen).
Function
Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids (PubMed:10531313, PubMed:11922621). Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity), releasing various unsaturated fatty acids including oleoate, linoleoate, arachidonate, docosahexaenoate and lysophosphatidylethanolamines in preference to lysophosphatidylcholines (By similarity). In response to high-fat diet, hydrolyzes minor lipoprotein phospholipids including phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylglycerols, altering lipoprotein composition and fat storage in adipose tissue and liver (PubMed:24910243). May act in an autocrine and paracrine manner (By similarity). Contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. Cleaves sn-2 fatty acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines, which are major components of membrane phospholipids in bacteria (By similarity). Acts as a hair follicle phospholipase A2. Selectively releases lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE) and various unsaturated fatty acids in skin to regulate hair follicle homeostasis (PubMed:27226633). May regulate the inflammatory response by releasing arachidonate, a precursor of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Upon allergen exposure, may participate in allergic inflammatory response by enhancing leukotriene C4 synthesis and degranulation in mast cells (PubMed:11922621).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family.
Tissue Specificity
Highly expressed in skin and uterus, and at lower levels in various other tissues (PubMed:10531313, PubMed:10681567, PubMed:11922621, PubMed:27226633). Expressed in hair follicles, specifically localized in companion cells of the outer root sheath and cuticular cells of the inner root sheath in hair follicles during anagen (PubMed:27226633). Expressed in white and brown adipose tissue (PubMed:24910243).
Cellular localization
- Secreted
- Cytoplasm
- Through binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan, may be localized to cytoplasmic compartments enriched in anionic phospholipids.
Alternative names
Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2, GIIE sPLA2, sPLA2-IIE, Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 2E, Pla2g2e