PLA2G7

Function

Lipoprotein-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 involved in phospholipid catabolism during inflammatory and oxidative stress response (PubMed:10066756, PubMed:16371369, PubMed:17090529, PubMed:2040620, PubMed:7700381, PubMed:8624782). At the lipid-aqueous interface, hydrolyzes the ester bond of fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity) (PubMed:10504265, PubMed:2040620). Specifically targets phospholipids with a short-chain fatty acyl group at sn-2 position (PubMed:2040620). Can hydrolyze phospholipids with long fatty acyl chains, only if they carry oxidized functional groups (PubMed:2040620, PubMed:8624782). Hydrolyzes and inactivates platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), a potent pro-inflammatory signaling lipid that acts through PTAFR on various innate immune cells (PubMed:10066756, PubMed:10504265, PubMed:11590221, PubMed:16371369, PubMed:18434304, PubMed:7592717, PubMed:7700381, PubMed:8624782, PubMed:8675689). Hydrolyzes oxidatively truncated phospholipids carrying an aldehyde group at omega position, preventing their accumulation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and uncontrolled pro-inflammatory effects (PubMed:2040620, PubMed:7700381). As part of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, can hydrolyze phospholipids having long-chain fatty acyl hydroperoxides at sn-2 position and protect against potential accumulation of these oxylipins in the vascular wall (PubMed:17090529). Catalyzes the release from membrane phospholipids of F2-isoprostanes, lipid biomarkers of cellular oxidative damage (PubMed:16371369).

Involvement in disease

Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency

PAFAD

An enzymatic deficiency that results in exacerbated bodily response to inflammatory agents. It can be associated with several disease states including inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, asthma and atopy. Asthmatic individuals with PAFAD may manifest aggravated respiratory symptoms.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Post-translational modifications

N-glycosylated. Macrophage-derived PLA2G7 carries sialylated complex-type N-glycans that hinder its binding to HDL particles.

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.

Tissue Specificity

Plasma (PubMed:11590221, PubMed:12821559). Secreted by macrophages (at protein level) (PubMed:11590221).

Cellular localization

• Secreted
• Extracellular space
• Associates with both LDL and HDL particles in plasma (PubMed:10066756, PubMed:11590221, PubMed:12821559, PubMed:18434304). Mainly associates with pro-inflammatory electronegative LDL particles (PubMed:12821559).

Alternative names

PAFAH, PLA2G7, Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, PAF acetylhydrolase, 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase, 2-acetyl-1-alkylglycerophosphocholine esterase, Group-VIIA phospholipase A2, LDL-associated phospholipase A2, PAF 2-acylhydrolase, gVIIA-PLA2, LDL-PLA(2)

Database links

swissprot:Q13093 swissprot:Q86U10 entrezGene:374569 entrezGene:7941 omim:601690