Pld3
Function
5'->3' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (PubMed:30111894). Regulates inflammatory cytokine responses via the degradation of nucleic acids, by reducing the concentration of ssDNA able to stimulate TLR9, a nucleotide-sensing receptor in collaboration with PLD4 (PubMed:30111894). May be important in myotube formation. Plays a role in lysosomal homeostasis. Involved in the regulation of endosomal protein sorting (By similarity).
Post-translational modifications
N-glycosylated.
Proteolytically processed to a soluble form that is stable within endosomes and lysosomes. During transport through the secretory pathway becomes proteolysed by cysteine proteases, thereby releasing a stable soluble lysosomal lumenal polypeptide, whereas the transmembrane-bound fragment is rapidly degraded. Its transport route to lysosomes involves ubiquitination and the ESCRT complex.
Ubiquitinated. Ubiquitination mediates sorting into lysosomes.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the phospholipase D family.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed at higher level in brain than in non-nervous tissue. Expressed in mature neurons of the forebrain and appears to be turned on at late stages of neurogenesis. Expressed during late neuronal development in the forebrain (PubMed:9813063). Expressed in the pyramidal neurons of the cortex and hippocampus (PubMed:28128235). Low expression in the cerebellum (PubMed:30312375).
Cellular localization
- Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- Single-pass type II membrane protein
- Lysosome lumen
- Early endosome membrane
- Single-pass type II membrane protein
- Late endosome membrane
- Single-pass type II membrane protein
- Golgi apparatus membrane
- Single-pass type II membrane protein
- Endosome membrane
- Single-pass type II membrane protein
- Localizes to ER-associated vesicles in differentiating myotubes. The soluble form in lysosome arises by proteolytic processing of the membrane-bound form.
Alternative names
Sam9, Pld3, 5'-3' exonuclease PLD3, Choline phosphatase 3, Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D3, Phospholipase D3, Schwannoma-associated protein 9, PLD 3, SAM-9