PLG
GeneName
PLG
Summary
PLG, also known as plasminogen, is a 91kDa glycoprotein that is primarily synthesised in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream. It plays a crucial role in the fibrinolytic system, where it is converted into plasmin, a serine protease that facilitates the breakdown of fibrin in blood clots. PLG is present in various cellular compartments including blood microparticles, extracellular exosomes, and the extracellular matrix, and is involved in processes such as blood coagulation, tissue regeneration, and muscle cell homeostasis. Its interactions with other proteins are mediated through various binding activities, including endopeptidase and protease binding, which are essential for its function in proteolysis and extracellular matrix disassembly.
Importance
PLG is relevant to: - The regulation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, impacting conditions such as thrombosis and haemostasis - Tissue remodeling and regeneration, which are critical in wound healing and recovery from injury - The modulation of immune responses through its role in mononuclear cell migration - Neurological processes, as it is involved in trans-synaptic signalling and may influence synaptic transmission
Top Products
For researchers investigating PLG, we recommend two primary antibodies that cater to various experimental needs. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-Angiostatin antibody (ab2904), which has garnered 16 citations, highlighting its reliability in the field. This antibody is particularly effective for Western blotting (WB) and immunocytochemistry (ICC), making it a solid choice for those looking to explore PLG's role in different contexts.Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-Plasminogen antibody [EPSISR18(2)] (ab174285). This product is validated for use in Western blotting (WB) and provides the batch-to-batch consistency that researchers often seek in their experiments. Together, these antibodies provide a comprehensive toolkit for studying PLG effectively. The Pig Plasminogen ELISA Kit (ab190538), with 1 citation, offers a reliable option for researchers looking to measure plasminogen levels in porcine samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The use of the Abcam antibody ab108893 in this study highlights its application in measuring PLG levels in serum samples, specifically in the context of LAM patients compared to healthy controls. This suggests a potential role for PLG as a biomarker in LAM.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Domain
Kringle domains mediate interaction with CSPG4.
Function
Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In ovulation, weakens the walls of the Graafian follicle. It activates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, collagenases and several complement zymogens, such as C1, C4 and C5 (PubMed:6447255). Cleavage of fibronectin and laminin leads to cell detachment and apoptosis. Also cleaves fibrin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. Its role in tissue remodeling and tumor invasion may be modulated by CSPG4. Binds to cells.
Angiostatin is an angiogenesis inhibitor that blocks neovascularization and growth of experimental primary and metastatic tumors in vivo.
(Microbial infection) ENO/enoloase from parasite P.falciparum (strain NF54) interacts with PLG present in the mosquito blood meal to promote the invasion of the mosquito midgut by the parasite ookinete (PubMed:21949403). The catalytic active form, plasmin, is essential for the invasion of the mosquito midgut (PubMed:21949403).
(Microbial infection) Binds to OspC on the surface of B.burgdorferi cells, possibly conferring an extracellular protease activity on the bacteria that allows it to traverse host tissue.
(Microbial infection) Interacts with dengue virus type 2 particles (PubMed:31726374). Enhances dengue virus type 2 infection in Aedes aegypti mosquito midgut by increasing midgut internalization, resulting in higher infection rates and viral dissemination in mosquitoes (PubMed:31726374).
Involvement in disease
Plasminogen deficiency
PLGD
A disorder characterized by decreased serum plasminogen activity. Two forms of the disorder are distinguished: type 1 deficiency is additionally characterized by decreased plasminogen antigen levels and clinical symptoms, whereas type 2 deficiency, also known as dysplasminogenemia, is characterized by normal, or slightly reduced antigen levels, and absence of clinical manifestations. Plasminogen deficiency type 1 results in markedly impaired extracellular fibrinolysis and chronic mucosal pseudomembranous lesions due to subepithelial fibrin deposition and inflammation. The most common clinical manifestation of type 1 deficiency is ligneous conjunctivitis in which pseudomembranes formation on the palpebral surfaces of the eye progresses to white, yellow-white, or red thick masses with a wood-like consistency that replace the normal mucosa.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Angioedema, hereditary, 4
HAE4
A form of angioedema, a disorder characterized by episodic local swelling involving subcutaneous or submucous tissue of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, face, extremities, and genitalia. HAE4 is an autosomal dominant form with incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, and female predominance.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
N-linked glycan contains N-acetyllactosamine and sialic acid. O-linked glycans consist of Gal-GalNAc disaccharide modified with up to 2 sialic acid residues (microheterogeneity).
In the presence of the inhibitor, the activation involves only cleavage after Arg-580, yielding two chains held together by two disulfide bonds. In the absence of the inhibitor, the activation involves additionally the removal of the activation peptide.
(Microbial infection) The Y.pestis Pla protein cleaves between Arg-580 and Val-581, generating plasmin which facilitates bacterial migration and infection (PubMed:22645135).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Plasminogen subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Present in plasma and many other extracellular fluids. It is synthesized in the liver.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
- Locates to the cell surface where it is proteolytically cleaved to produce the active plasmin. Interaction with HRG tethers it to the cell surface.
Alternative names
Plasminogen, PLG