Pnpla3
Function
Specifically catalyzes coenzyme A (CoA)-dependent acylation of 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (2-lysophosphatidic acid/LPA) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), an important metabolic intermediate and precursor for both triglycerides and glycerophospholipids. Does not esterify other lysophospholipids. Acyl donors are long chain (at least C16) fatty acyl-CoAs: arachidonoyl-CoA, linoleoyl-CoA, oleoyl-CoA and at a lesser extent palmitoyl-CoA (PubMed:22560221). Additionally possesses low triacylglycerol lipase and CoA-independent acylglycerol transacylase activities and thus may play a role in acyl-chain remodeling of triglycerides (By similarity). In vitro may express hydrolytic activity against glycerolipids triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol, with a strong preference for oleic acid as the acyl moiety (By similarity). However, the triacylglycerol hydrolase activity is controversial and may be very low (PubMed:22560221). Possesses phospholipase A2 activity (By similarity).
Pathway
Phospholipid metabolism.
Glycerolipid metabolism.
Tissue Specificity
Restricted to adipose tissue. Expressed in inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissues and in interscapular brown adipose tissue (PubMed:11431482). Also expressed in liver in response to high-sucrose diet (PubMed:22560221).
Cellular localization
- Membrane
- Single-pass membrane protein
- Lipid droplet
Alternative names
Adpn, Pnpla3, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase Pnpla3, Acylglycerol transacylase, Adiponutrin, Calcium-independent phospholipase A2-epsilon, Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3, ADPN, iPLA2-epsilon