PPAR gamma

Domain

The 9aaTAD motif is a transactivation domain present in a large number of yeast and animal transcription factors.

Function

Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels (By similarity).

(Microbial infection) Upon treatment with M.tuberculosis or its lipoprotein LpqH, phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and IL-6 production are modulated, probably via this protein.

Involvement in disease

Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer.

Obesity

OBESITY

A condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.

None

Disease susceptibility may be associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Lipodystrophy, familial partial, 3

FPLD3

A form of lipodystrophy characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous fat from the extremities. Facial adipose tissue may be increased, decreased or normal. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Glioma 1

GLM1

Gliomas are benign or malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells. They comprise astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme that are derived from astrocytes, oligodendrogliomas derived from oligodendrocytes and ependymomas derived from ependymocytes.

None

Disease susceptibility may be associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility.

Post-translational modifications

O-GlcNAcylation at Thr-84 reduces transcriptional activity in adipocytes.

Phosphorylated in basal conditions and dephosphorylated when treated with the ligand. May be dephosphorylated by PPP5C. The phosphorylated form may be inactive and dephosphorylation at Ser-112 induces adipogenic activity (By similarity).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.

Tissue specificity

Highest expression in adipose tissue. Lower in skeletal muscle, spleen, heart and liver. Also detectable in placenta, lung and ovary.

Cellular localization

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Redistributed from the nucleus to the cytosol through a MAP2K1/MEK1-dependent manner. NOCT enhances its nuclear translocation.

Alternative names

• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
• PPAR-gamma
• Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3
• NR1C3
• PPARG

Database links

• entrezGene:5468
• omim:601487
• swissprot:P37231

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Immunology & Infectious Disease

Other research areas

• Epigenetics

Molecular weight

57620Da