PROM1
GeneName
PROM1
Summary
PROM1, also known as CD133 or prominin-1, is a 97 kDa glycoprotein that is predominantly localised to the apical plasma membrane of various cell types, including stem cells and retinal photoreceptors. It plays a crucial role in the maintenance and differentiation of photoreceptor cells in the retina, as well as in the differentiation of glomerular parietal epithelial cells and podocytes. PROM1 is associated with cellular structures such as microvilli and cilia, and is involved in cholesterol binding and cell adhesion through its interactions with actin and cadherins. Its presence in extracellular exosomes suggests a role in intercellular communication and signalling.
Importance
PROM1 is relevant to: - Stem cell biology, as it serves as a marker for various stem and progenitor cell populations - Retinal diseases, given its involvement in photoreceptor cell maintenance and differentiation, which is critical for vision - Kidney development and function, due to its role in podocyte differentiation and nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation - Potential therapeutic targets in regenerative medicine and cancer, as it is implicated in tumour initiation and progression in certain cancers.
Top Products
For researchers investigating PROM1, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-CD133 antibody - Stem Cell Marker (ab19898), which has garnered 314 citations, underscoring its reliability in Western blotting (WB). Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-CD133 antibody [EPR16508] (ab222782), which has been validated in knockout models and is suitable for both WB and immunohistochemistry (IHC). With 50 citations, this recombinant product provides the batch-to-batch consistency that many researchers seek, making it a strong choice for PROM1 studies.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates a significant focus on the role of PROM1 in various human cancers, particularly prostate cancer, colorectal carcinoma, and liver cancer. The use of multiple applications, including immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting, highlights the versatility of Abcam antibodies in studying PROM1 across different experimental contexts. Additionally, the involvement of PROM1 in stem cell research and tumor biology suggests its potential as a therapeutic target.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
May play a role in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis (PubMed:24556617). Binds cholesterol in cholesterol-containing plasma membrane microdomains and may play a role in the organization of the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells. During early retinal development acts as a key regulator of disk morphogenesis. Involved in regulation of MAPK and Akt signaling pathways. In neuroblastoma cells suppresses cell differentiation such as neurite outgrowth in a RET-dependent manner (PubMed:20818439).
Involvement in disease
Retinitis pigmentosa 41
RP41
A retinal dystrophy belonging to the group of pigmentary retinopathies. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination and primary loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by secondary loss of cone photoreceptors. Patients typically have night vision blindness and loss of midperipheral visual field. As their condition progresses, they lose their far peripheral visual field and eventually central vision as well.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Cone-rod dystrophy 12
CORD12
An inherited retinal dystrophy characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination, predominantly in the macular region, and initial loss of cone photoreceptors followed by rod degeneration. This leads to decreased visual acuity and sensitivity in the central visual field, followed by loss of peripheral vision. Severe loss of vision occurs earlier than in retinitis pigmentosa, due to cone photoreceptors degenerating at a higher rate than rod photoreceptors.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Stargardt disease 4
STGD4
A common hereditary macular degeneration. It is characterized by decreased central vision, atrophy of the macula and underlying retinal pigment epithelium, and frequent presence of prominent flecks in the posterior pole of the retina.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Macular dystrophy, retinal, 2
MCDR2
An autosomal dominant retinal disease characterized by dyschromatopsia, gradual progressive loss of central visual acuity, and bilateral annular atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium at the macula.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are glycosylated.
Acetylation at Lys-225, Lys-257 and Lys-264 by NAT8 and NAT8B may control PROM1 protein expression and its function in cell apoptosis.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the prominin family.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform 1 is selectively expressed on CD34 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in adult and fetal bone marrow, fetal liver, cord blood and adult peripheral blood. Isoform 1 is not detected on other blood cells. Isoform 1 is also expressed in a number of non-lymphoid tissues including retina, pancreas, placenta, kidney, liver, lung, brain and heart. Found in saliva within small membrane particles. Isoform 2 is predominantly expressed in fetal liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and heart as well as adult pancreas, kidney, liver, lung, and placenta. Isoform 2 is highly expressed in fetal liver, low in bone marrow, and barely detectable in peripheral blood. Isoform 2 is expressed on hematopoietic stem cells and in epidermal basal cells (at protein level). Expressed in adult retina by rod and cone photoreceptor cells (at protein level).
Cellular localization
- Apical cell membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Cell projection
- Microvillus membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Cell projection
- Cilium
- Photoreceptor outer segment
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
- Found in extracellular membrane particles in various body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, seminal fluid and urine.
Alternative names
CD133, PROML1, MSTP061, PROM1, Prominin-1, Antigen AC133, Prominin-like protein 1
Database links
swissprot:O43490 entrezGene:8842 omim:604365
Other research areas
- Immuno-oncology
- Neuroscience