PRTN3
GeneName
PRTN3
Summary
PRTN3, also known as PR3 or proteinase 3, is a 28 kDa serine protease predominantly expressed in neutrophils and is involved in various immune responses. It is localized in the azurophil granules of neutrophils and can be found in the extracellular space and on the plasma membrane. PRTN3 plays a role in the antimicrobial humoral response and is implicated in processes such as neutrophil extravasation and the regulation of phagocytosis. Additionally, it is involved in the differentiation of mature conventional dendritic cells and has functions related to collagen catabolism and proteolysis.
Importance
PRTN3 is relevant to: - The innate immune response due to its role in neutrophil function and antimicrobial activity - Inflammatory diseases, as it is involved in neutrophil migration and activation - Cancer research, given its potential role in tumour microenvironments and cell proliferation regulation - Autoimmune disorders, where dysregulation of PRTN3 may contribute to altered immune responses
Top Products
For researchers investigating PRTN3, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-PR3 antibody [EPR6277] (ab133613). This antibody has been validated for use in Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), making it a versatile tool for various experimental needs. With 5 citations, it demonstrates a growing recognition in the research community for its reliability and performance. This recombinant antibody offers the added benefit of batch-to-batch consistency, ensuring dependable results in your studies of PRTN3. "The Human PR3 ELISA Kit (ab226902), supported by 2 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure PRTN3 levels in their samples."
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The use of the Abcam antibody ab103632 for PRTN3 detection in human samples highlights its relevance in studying granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a condition characterised by inflammation of blood vessels.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Serine protease that degrades elastin, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, and collagen types I, III, and IV (in vitro) (PubMed:2033050, PubMed:28240246, PubMed:3198760). By cleaving and activating receptor F2RL1/PAR-2, enhances endothelial cell barrier function and thus vascular integrity during neutrophil transendothelial migration (PubMed:23202369). May play a role in neutrophil transendothelial migration, probably when associated with CD177 (PubMed:22266279).
Involvement in disease
Is the major autoantigen in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) (PubMed:2377228, PubMed:2679910). This complex, systemic disease is characterized by granulomatous inflammation with necrotizing lesions in the respiratory tract, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies detected in patient sera (PubMed:2377228, PubMed:2679910). PRTN3 causes emphysema when administered by tracheal insufflation to hamsters (PubMed:3198760).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Elastase subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:2033050, PubMed:3198760, PubMed:7897245). Expressed in neutrophils (at protein level) (PubMed:17244676, PubMed:18462208, PubMed:21193407, PubMed:22266279, PubMed:28240246). Expressed in differentiating neutrophils (PubMed:18462208).
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasmic granule
- Secreted
- Cell membrane
- Peripheral membrane protein
- Extracellular side
- Membrane raft
- Peripheral membrane protein
- Extracellular side
- Localizes predominantly to azurophil granules (primary secretory granules) in neutrophils (PubMed:18462208, PubMed:2033050, PubMed:3198760, PubMed:7897245). Secreted upon neutrophil stimulation by TNF-alpha, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), fMLP and CXCL8/IL8 or during neutrophil transmigration (PubMed:22266279, PubMed:28240246). Following secretion tethered to the cell membrane by CD177 (PubMed:18462208, PubMed:22266279).
Alternative names
MBN, PRTN3, Myeloblastin, AGP7, C-ANCA antigen, Leukocyte proteinase 3, Neutrophil proteinase 4, P29, Wegener autoantigen, PR-3, PR3, NP-4