PRX
Domain
Has a remarkable domain of repetitive pentameric units sometimes followed by a tripeptide spacer, it may separate two functional basic and acidic domains.
The Arg/Lys-rich basic domain functions as a tripartite nuclear localization signal.
The PDZ domain contains the signal for export from the nucleus (PubMed:24633211). The N-terminal region including the PDZ domain is required for the formation of Cajal bands on myelinated nerves.
Function
Scaffolding protein that functions as part of a dystroglycan complex in Schwann cells, and as part of EZR and AHNAK-containing complexes in eye lens fiber cells. Required for the maintenance of the peripheral myelin sheath that is essential for normal transmission of nerve impulses and normal perception of sensory stimuli. Required for normal transport of MBP mRNA from the perinuclear to the paranodal regions. Required for normal remyelination after nerve injury. Required for normal elongation of Schwann cells and normal length of the internodes between the nodes of Ranvier. The demyelinated nodes of Ranvier permit saltatory transmission of nerve impulses; shorter internodes cause slower transmission of nerve impulses. Required for the formation of appositions between the abaxonal surface of the myelin sheath and the Schwann cell plasma membrane; the Schwann cell cytoplasm is restricted to regions between these appositions. Required for the formation of Cajal bands and of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures that correspond to short, cytoplasm-filled regions on myelinated nerves. Recruits DRP2 to the Schwann cell plasma membrane. Required for normal protein composition of the eye lens fiber cell plasma membrane and normal eye lens fiber cell morphology.
Involvement in disease
Dejerine-Sottas syndrome
DSS
A severe degenerating neuropathy of the demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease category, with onset by age 2 years. Characterized by motor and sensory neuropathy with very slow nerve conduction velocities, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations, hypertrophic nerve changes, delayed age of walking as well as areflexia. There are both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of Dejerine-Sottas syndrome.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4F
CMT4F
A recessive demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathies (designated CMT1 when they are dominantly inherited) and primary peripheral axonal neuropathies (CMT2). Demyelinating neuropathies are characterized by severely reduced nerve conduction velocities (less than 38 m/sec), segmental demyelination and remyelination with onion bulb formations on nerve biopsy, slowly progressive distal muscle atrophy and weakness, absent deep tendon reflexes, and hollow feet. By convention autosomal recessive forms of demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are designated CMT4. CMT4F is characterized by distal sensory impairment and distal muscle weakness and atrophy affecting the lower more than the upper limbs. The age at onset is variable and can range from childhood to adult years. When the onset is in infancy, the phenotype is characterized as Dejerine-Sottas syndrome.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the periaxin family.
Tissue Specificity
Detected in spinal cord (PubMed:11133365). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are found in sciatic nerve and Schwann cells (PubMed:11157804).
Cellular localization
- Isoform 1
- Cell membrane
- Peripheral membrane protein
- Cytoplasmic side
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Detected in the Schwann cell nucleus prior to the onset of myelination. Detected in Schwann cells at periaxonal myelin membranes. Associated with the cell membrane during myelination.
- Isoform 2
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Cell junction
- Colocalizes with ACTB at tricellular junctions between eye lens fiber cells.
Alternative names
KIAA1620, PRX, Periaxin