PTGS1

GeneName

PTGS1

Summary

PTGS1, also known as COX1 or cyclooxygenase-1, is a 69kDa enzyme that plays a vital role in the cyclooxygenase pathway, primarily responsible for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. It is expressed in various tissues, including the brain, kidneys, and platelets, and is localised to the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. PTGS1 exhibits oxidoreductase activity and is involved in processes such as the regulation of blood pressure and response to oxidative stress. Its enzymatic functions include heme binding and peroxidase activity, which are essential for its role in prostaglandin production and related physiological processes.

Importance

PTGS1 is relevant to: - Inflammation and pain pathways through its role in prostaglandin synthesis, making it a target for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - Cardiovascular health due to its involvement in the regulation of blood pressure - Cancer biology, as it influences cell proliferation and survival through prostaglandin-mediated pathways - Neurobiology, particularly in the context of neuroinflammation and neuronal function due to its expression in the brain and neuron projections

Top Products

For researchers investigating PTGS1, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-COX1 / Cyclooxygenase 1 antibody [EPR5866] (ab109025). This antibody has been validated in knockout models, ensuring reliable performance in various applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), flow cytometry (FC), and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 50 citations, it is well-regarded in the research community, making it an excellent choice for those studying the role of PTGS1 in biological processes.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates that PTGS1 is being studied in various contexts, including myocardial inflammation injury in rat cardiac tissue and in human B-lymphocytes. The effects of ellagic acid on PTGS1 expression were also investigated in human cancer cell lines, suggesting a potential role of this target in inflammation and cancer research.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Function

Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase that plays an important role in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response. The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:7947975). Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gastric epithelial cells, it is a key step in the generation of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays an important role in cytoprotection. In platelets, it is involved in the generation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which promotes platelet activation and aggregation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (Probable). Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products (By similarity).

Pathway

Lipid metabolism; prostaglandin biosynthesis.

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the prostaglandin G/H synthase family.

Cellular localization

• Microsome membrane
• Peripheral membrane protein
• Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
• Peripheral membrane protein

Alternative names

COX1, PTGS1, Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, Cyclooxygenase-1, Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1, COX-1, PGH synthase 1, PGHS-1, PHS 1

Database links

swissprot:P23219 omim:176805 entrezGene:5742

Other research areas

• Cardiovascular
• Immuno-oncology
• Neuroscience