PTPN1
GeneName
PTPN1
Summary
PTPN1, also known as PTP1B or protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, is a 50kDa non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase primarily located in the cytoplasm and associated with various cellular structures including the endoplasmic reticulum and early endosomes. It plays a pivotal role in regulating signal transduction pathways by dephosphorylating tyrosine residues on target proteins, influencing processes such as insulin receptor signalling and cellular responses to growth factors. PTPN1 is involved in actin cytoskeleton organisation and has been implicated in the modulation of cell adhesion and migration through its interactions with cadherins and receptor tyrosine kinases.
Importance
PTPN1 is relevant to: - Insulin signalling and glucose homeostasis, making it a target for diabetes research - Cancer biology due to its role in regulating cell proliferation and survival pathways - Cardiovascular health through its involvement in vascular smooth muscle cell migration and blood pressure regulation - Neurobiology, particularly in the context of neuronal development and synaptic function - Endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, which are linked to various diseases including neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders
Top Products
For researchers investigating PTPN1, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-PTP1B antibody [EPR22474] (ab244207). This antibody has been validated in knockout models, ensuring its reliability in various applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunoprecipitation (IP), and flow cytometry (FC). With 16 citations, it is well-regarded in the research community, making it an excellent choice for those seeking consistent and effective detection of PTPN1.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that PTPN1 is being studied in the context of E-cadherin-mediated adhesions in mouse models, as well as in human glioma cells. The use of both immunocytochemistry and western blotting suggests a focus on understanding the role of PTPN1 in cellular adhesion and glioma growth.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase which acts as a regulator of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Mediates dephosphorylation of EIF2AK3/PERK; inactivating the protein kinase activity of EIF2AK3/PERK. May play an important role in CKII- and p60c-src-induced signal transduction cascades. May regulate the EFNA5-EPHA3 signaling pathway which modulates cell reorganization and cell-cell repulsion. May also regulate the hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway through dephosphorylation of MET.
Post-translational modifications
Oxidized on Cys-215; the Cys-SOH formed in response to redox signaling reacts with the alpha-amido of the following residue to form a sulfenamide cross-link, triggering a conformational change that inhibits substrate binding and activity. The active site can be restored by reduction.
Ser-50 is the major site of phosphorylation as compared to Ser-242 and Ser-243. Activated by phosphorylation at Ser-50.
S-nitrosylation of Cys-215 inactivates the enzyme activity.
Sulfhydration at Cys-215 following endoplasmic reticulum stress inactivates the enzyme activity, promoting EIF2AK3/PERK activity.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class 1 subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in keratinocytes (at protein level).
Cellular localization
- Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- Peripheral membrane protein
- Cytoplasmic side
- Interacts with EPHA3 at the cell membrane.
Alternative names
PTP1B, PTPN1, Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1, Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B, PTP-1B