PTPRC
GeneName
PTPRC
Summary
PTPRC, commonly known as CD45, CD45RO, or CD45RA, is a 147 kDa transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase predominantly expressed on the surface of leukocytes, including T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating immune cell activation and differentiation through its involvement in various signalling pathways, including the T cell receptor signalling pathway and B cell receptor signalling pathway. PTPRC is localised to the plasma membrane and is associated with membrane rafts, where it participates in the modulation of cell surface receptor signalling and dephosphorylation processes. Its diverse functions include promoting T cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as mediating cell-cell adhesion among leukocytes.
Importance
PTPRC is relevant to: - Immune system regulation, particularly in T and B cell activation and differentiation, which is essential for adaptive immunity - Autoimmune diseases, as its dysregulation can lead to inappropriate immune responses - Cancer immunotherapy, given its role in modulating T cell responses against tumours - Research on hematopoiesis and stem cell biology due to its involvement in hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation and regulation of stem cell proliferation
Top Products
For researchers investigating PTPRC, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited polyclonal antibody, Anti-CD45 antibody (ab10558), which has garnered 588 citations, reflecting its strong reputation in the field. This antibody is versatile, suitable for flow cytometry (FC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blotting (WB), making it a reliable choice for various applications.Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-CD45RA antibody [4KB5] (ab755). This monoclonal antibody is validated for use in flow cytometry (FC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), providing researchers with the batch-to-batch consistency that recombinant antibodies are known for. Together, these products provide robust options for studying PTPRC effectively.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates a diverse range of applications for PTPRC antibodies across various species, including mice, rats, and humans. The studies focus on significant medical contexts such as immune cell infiltration, chronic heart failure, kidney treatment effects, and muscle injury response. The use of both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting highlights the importance of PTPRC in understanding immune profiling and tissue responses in different pathological conditions.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Developmental stage
Isoform 1: During T-cell development, expressed at the CD3-CD4-CD8- and CD3+CD4+CD8- stages but barely detectable at the CD3-CD4+CD8+ stage. Isoform 2: During T-cell development, expressed at low levels at the CD3-CD4-CD8- and CD3-CD4+CD8- stages but up-regulated at the CD3+CD4+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+CD8- stages. Isoform 3: During T-cell development, expressed at the CD3-CD4-CD8- and CD3+CD4+CD8- stages but barely detectable at the CD3-CD4+CD8+ stage. Isoform 5: During T-cell development, expressed at the CD3-CD4-CD8- and CD3+CD4+CD8- stages but barely detectable at the CD3-CD4+CD8+ stage. Isoform 7: Consistently expressed at high levels at all stages of T-cell development.
Domain
The first PTPase domain interacts with SKAP1.
Function
Protein tyrosine-protein phosphatase required for T-cell activation through the antigen receptor (PubMed:35767951). Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation upon binding to DPP4. The first PTPase domain has enzymatic activity, while the second one seems to affect the substrate specificity of the first one. Upon T-cell activation, recruits and dephosphorylates SKAP1 and FYN. Dephosphorylates LYN, and thereby modulates LYN activity (By similarity).
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human cytomegalovirus protein UL11 and mediates binding of UL11 to T-cells, leading to reduced induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple signaling proteins upon T-cell receptor stimulation and impaired T-cell proliferation.
Involvement in disease
Multiple sclerosis
MS
A multifactorial, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Sclerotic lesions are characterized by perivascular infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes and appear as indurated areas in pathologic specimens (sclerosis in plaques). The pathological mechanism is regarded as an autoimmune attack of the myelin sheath, mediated by both cellular and humoral immunity. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia and bladder dysfunction. Genetic and environmental factors influence susceptibility to the disease.
None
Disease susceptibility may be associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Immunodeficiency 105
IMD105
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent infections in early infancy, decreased or absent numbers of non-functional T cells, normal or increased levels of B cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, and normal or low NK cells. Clinical manifestations may include pneumonia, dermatitis, and lymphadenopathy.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Heavily N- and O-glycosylated.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 1/6 subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Isoform 1: Detected in thymocytes. Isoform 2: Detected in thymocytes. Isoform 3: Detected in thymocytes. Isoform 4: Not detected in thymocytes. Isoform 5: Detected in thymocytes. Isoform 6: Not detected in thymocytes. Isoform 7: Detected in thymocytes. Isoform 8: Not detected in thymocytes.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Single-pass type I membrane protein
- Membrane raft
- Synapse
- Colocalized with DPP4 in membrane rafts.
Alternative names
CD45, PTPRC, Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, Leukocyte common antigen, T200, L-CA
Database links
swissprot:P08575 omim:151460 entrezGene:5788
Other research areas
- Immuno-oncology