PTPRS
Function
Cell surface receptor that binds to glycosaminoglycans, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (PubMed:21454754). Binding to chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans has opposite effects on PTPRS oligomerization and regulation of neurite outgrowth. Contributes to the inhibition of neurite and axonal outgrowth by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, also after nerve transection. Plays a role in stimulating neurite outgrowth in response to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan GPC2. Required for normal brain development, especially for normal development of the pituitary gland and the olfactory bulb. Functions as a tyrosine phosphatase (PubMed:8524829). Mediates dephosphorylation of NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 (By similarity). Plays a role in down-regulation of signaling cascades that lead to the activation of Akt and MAP kinases (By similarity). Down-regulates TLR9-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B, as well as production of TNF, interferon alpha and interferon beta (PubMed:26231120).
Post-translational modifications
A cleavage occurs, separating the extracellular domain from the transmembrane segment. This process called 'ectodomain shedding' is thought to be involved in receptor desensitization, signal transduction and/or membrane localization (By similarity).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 2A subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Detected in peripheral blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells (at protein level) (PubMed:26231120). Detected in all tissues tested except for placenta and liver (PubMed:8524829, PubMed:8992885). Detected in peripheral blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PubMed:26231120).
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Single-pass type I membrane protein
- Cell projection
- Axon
- Perikaryon
- Cytoplasmic vesicle
- Secretory vesicle
- Synaptic vesicle membrane
- Synapse
- Synaptosome
- Postsynaptic density
- Cell projection
- Neuron projection
- Cell projection
- Growth cone
- Is rapidly internalized when dendritic cells are stimulated with the TLR9 ligand cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) (PubMed:26231120). Detected in a punctate pattern along neurites and axon growth cones (By similarity).
Alternative names
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S, R-PTP-S, Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase sigma, R-PTP-sigma, PTPRS