Reg3a
Domain
Lacks the EPN motif and the presence of Gln instead of Glu at amino-acid position 114 may explain its inability to bind peptidoglycan.
Function
Bactericidal C-type lectin. The lack of the EPN motif may explain its inability to bind peptidoglycan.
Acts as a hormone in response to different stimuli like anti-inflammatory signals, such as IL17A, or gut microbiome. Secreted by different cell types to activate its receptor EXTL3 and induce cell specific signaling pathways. Induced by IL17A in keratinocytes, regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation after skin injury via activation of EXTL3-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway (By similarity). In parallel, inhibits skin inflammation through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines such as IL6 and TNF (PubMed:22727489). In pancreas, is able to permealize beta-cells membrane and stimulate their proliferation (PubMed:36240759).
Involvement in disease
Overexpressed during the acute phase of pancreatitis.
Post-translational modifications
Proteolytic processing by trypsin removes an inhibitory N-terminal propeptide and is essential for peptidoglycan binding and antibacterial activity.
Tissue Specificity
Small intestine and pancreas.
Cellular localization
- Secreted
- Found in the apical region of pancreatic acinar cells.
Alternative names
Pap2, Reg3a, Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha, REG-3-alpha, Islet of Langerhans regenerating protein 3, Lithostathine 3, Pancreatitis-associated protein 2, Regenerating islet-derived protein III-alpha, Reg III-alpha