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REG3G

Domain

The EPN motif is essential for recognition of the peptidoglycan carbohydrate backbone and for efficient bacterial killing with Glu-114 playing a key role in peptidoglycan binding and bactericidal activity.

Function

Bactericidal C-type lectin which acts exclusively against Gram-positive bacteria and mediates bacterial killing by binding to surface-exposed carbohydrate moieties of peptidoglycan. Restricts bacterial colonization of the intestinal epithelial surface and consequently limits activation of adaptive immune responses by the microbiota.

Acts as a hormone in response to different stimuli like anti-inflammatory signals, such as IL17A, or gut microbiome. Is secreted by different cell types to activate its receptor EXTL3 and induce cell specific signaling pathways. Induced by IL17A in keratinocytes, regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation after skin injury. In parallel, inhibits skin inflammation through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines such as IL6 and TNF. Induced by IL22 in lung epithelial cells, inhibits cytokine production and regulates allergic airway inflammation. Induced in small intestine by inulin-enriched diet and Lactobacillus gasseri enriched microbiome, plays a role in the improvement of gut barrier function, the regulation of energy balance and glucose levels. Modulates microbiota composition in duodenal contents. Produced by nociceptor in response to endotoxins, prevents endotoxic death by targeting kynurenine pathway in microglia.

Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma 16.5 kDa form

Has bacteriostatic activity.

Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma 15 kDa form

Has bactericidal activity against L.monocytogenes and methicillin-resistant S.aureus.

Post-translational modifications

Proteolytic processing by trypsin removes an inhibitory N-terminal propeptide and is essential for peptidoglycan binding and antibacterial activity.

Tissue Specificity

Predominantly expressed in pancreas, where it may be restricted to exocrine pancreas. Moderate expression levels in testis and weak in heart, kidney and placenta.

Cellular localization

Alternative names

PAP1B, UNQ429/PRO162, REG3G, Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma, REG-3-gamma, Pancreatitis-associated protein 1B, Pancreatitis-associated protein IB, Regenerating islet-derived protein III-gamma, PAP-1B, PAP IB, REG III, Reg III-gamma

swissprot:Q6UW15 omim:167805 omim:609933 swissprot:Q06141 entrezGene:5068 entrezGene:130120