RHO
GeneName
RHO
Summary
RHO, also known as rhodopsin, Rho1, or Rh1, is a 39 kDa G protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in rod photoreceptor cells of the retina. It is localised to the photoreceptor outer segment membrane and plays a critical role in phototransduction, the process by which light is converted into electrical signals in the visual system. RHO binds to 11-cis retinal, initiating a signalling cascade that leads to the perception of light. Additionally, it is involved in cellular responses to light stimuli and contributes to the maintenance of photoreceptor cells.
Importance
RHO is relevant to: - Understanding visual perception and the mechanisms underlying vision, particularly in low-light conditions. - Investigating retinal diseases and disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa, where mutations in RHO are implicated. - Exploring G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathways, which are crucial for various physiological processes. - Studying the molecular basis of phototransduction, providing insights into how light signals are processed by the retina.
Top Products
For researchers investigating RHO, we recommend two excellent primary antibodies. The first is the well-cited Anti-Rhodopsin antibody [1D4] (ab5417), which has garnered 133 citations, highlighting its reliability in the field. This monoclonal antibody is particularly effective for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB), making it a strong choice for various experimental setups. Additionally, we offer the recombinant Anti-Rhodopsin antibody [EPR21876] (ab221664), which has been validated for IHC, WB, and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 11 citations, this recombinant antibody provides the added benefit of batch-to-batch consistency, ensuring dependable results in your research. Together, these antibodies represent a robust toolkit for studying RHO.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that the RHO antibody (ab5417) has been extensively used in various applications, including Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, primarily in mouse retinal tissue. The studies focus on retinal health, the effects of chrysin, and retinal cell labeling, highlighting the importance of RHO in retinal research.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity (PubMed:7846071, PubMed:8107847). Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth (PubMed:12566452, PubMed:2215617). Light-induced isomerization of the chromophore 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins (PubMed:26200343, PubMed:28524165, PubMed:28753425, PubMed:8107847). Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling (PubMed:26200343, PubMed:28524165).
Involvement in disease
Retinitis pigmentosa 4
RP4
A retinal dystrophy belonging to the group of pigmentary retinopathies. Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination and primary loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by secondary loss of cone photoreceptors. Patients typically have night vision blindness and loss of midperipheral visual field. As their condition progresses, they lose their far peripheral visual field and eventually central vision as well.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Night blindness, congenital stationary, autosomal dominant 1
CSNBAD1
A non-progressive retinal disorder characterized by impaired night vision, often associated with nystagmus and myopia.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylated on some or all of the serine and threonine residues present in the C-terminal region (By similarity). After activation by light, phosphorylated by GRK1 (in vitro) (PubMed:28524165).
Contains one covalently linked retinal chromophore. Upon light absorption, the covalently bound 11-cis-retinal is converted to all-trans-retinal. After hydrolysis of the Schiff base and release of the covalently bound all-trans-retinal, active rhodopsin is regenerated by binding of a fresh molecule of 11-cis-retinal (PubMed:12566452).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Rod shaped photoreceptor cells which mediate vision in dim light.
Cellular localization
- Membrane
- Multi-pass membrane protein
- Cell projection
- Cilium
- Photoreceptor outer segment
- Synthesized in the inner segment (IS) of rod photoreceptor cells before vectorial transport to disk membranes in the rod outer segment (OS) photosensory cilia.
Alternative names
OPN2, RHO, Rhodopsin, Opsin-2
Database links
swissprot:P08100 omim:180380 entrezGene:6010 entrezGene:100307115