RHOG
Function
Plays a role in immunological synaptic F-actin density and architecture organization (PubMed:33513601). Regulates actin reorganization in lymphocytes, possibly through the modulation of Rac1 activity (PubMed:33513601). Required for the formation of membrane ruffles during macropinocytosis (PubMed:15133129). Plays a role in cell migration and is required for the formation of cup-like structures during trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes (PubMed:17875742). Binds phospholipids in an activation-dependent manner; thereby acting as an anchor for other proteins to the plasma membrane (PM) (PubMed:33513601). Plays a role in exocytosis of cytotoxic granules (CG) by lymphocytes/Component of the exocytosis machinery in natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells (PubMed:33513601). Promotes the docking of cytotoxic granules (CG) to the plasma membrane through the interaction with UNC13D (PubMed:33513601). Involved in the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes/primary CD8+ T cells (PubMed:33513601).
(Microbial infection) In case of Salmonella enterica infection, activated by SopB and ARHGEF26/SGEF, which induces cytoskeleton rearrangements and promotes bacterial entry.
Involvement in disease
Defects in RHOG may be the cause of a severe hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The affected patient shows characteristic HLH features, such as hemophagocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, cytopenias, low hemoglobin, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated ferritin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor.
Post-translational modifications
(Microbial infection) Glucosylated at Thr-35 by C.difficile toxin TcdB.
(Microbial infection) Glycosylated (O-GlcNAcylated) at Thr-35 by C.novyi toxin TcdA (PubMed:8810274). O-GlcNAcylation completely prevents the recognition of the downstream effector, blocking the GTPases in their inactive form, leading to actin cytoskeleton disruption (PubMed:8810274).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Lipid-anchor
- Cytoplasmic side
Alternative names
ARHG, RHOG, Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoG