RIP2

Contains an N-terminal kinase domain and a C-terminal caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) that mediates the recruitment of CARD-containing proteins.

Serine/threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role in modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses (PubMed:14638696, PubMed:17054981, PubMed:21123652, PubMed:28656966, PubMed:9575181, PubMed:9642260). Acts as a key effector of NOD1 and NOD2 signaling pathways: upon activation by bacterial peptidoglycans, NOD1 and NOD2 oligomerize and recruit RIPK2 via CARD-CARD domains, leading to the formation of RIPK2 filaments (PubMed:17054981, PubMed:17562858, PubMed:21123652, PubMed:22607974, PubMed:28656966, PubMed:29452636, PubMed:30026309). Once recruited, RIPK2 autophosphorylates and undergoes 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin ligases XIAP, BIRC2 and BIRC3, as well as 'Met-1'-linked (linear) polyubiquitination by the LUBAC complex, becoming a scaffolding protein for downstream effectors (PubMed:22607974, PubMed:28545134, PubMed:29452636, PubMed:30026309, PubMed:30279485, PubMed:30478312). 'Met-1'-linked polyubiquitin chains attached to RIPK2 recruit IKBKG/NEMO, which undergoes 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination in a RIPK2-dependent process (PubMed:17562858, PubMed:22607974, PubMed:29452636, PubMed:30026309). 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains attached to RIPK2 serve as docking sites for TAB2 and TAB3 and mediate the recruitment of MAP3K7/TAK1 to IKBKG/NEMO, inducing subsequent activation of IKBKB/IKKB (PubMed:18079694). In turn, NF-kappa-B is released from NF-kappa-B inhibitors and translocates into the nucleus where it activates the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis (PubMed:18079694). The protein kinase activity is dispensable for the NOD1 and NOD2 signaling pathways (PubMed:29452636, PubMed:30026309). Contributes to the tyrosine phosphorylation of the guanine exchange factor ARHGEF2 through Src tyrosine kinase leading to NF-kappa-B activation by NOD2 (PubMed:21887730). Also involved in adaptive immunity: plays a role during engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) in promoting BCL10 phosphorylation and subsequent NF-kappa-B activation (PubMed:14638696). Plays a role in the inactivation of RHOA in response to NGFR signaling (PubMed:26646181).

Polyubiquitinated via both 'Lys-63'- and 'Met-1'-linked polyubiquitin following recruitment by NOD1 or NOD2, creating docking sites for downstream effectors, triggering activation of the NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases signaling (PubMed:22607974, PubMed:29452636, PubMed:30026309). 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination by XIAP is essential for NOD2 signaling and promotes recruitment of the LUBAC complex (PubMed:22607974, PubMed:29452636, PubMed:30026309). Also polyubiquitinated with 'Lys-63'-linked chains by PELI3, BIRC2/c-IAP1 and BIRC3/c-IAP2 (PubMed:19464198, PubMed:21931591). Ubiquitinated on Lys-209 via 'Lys-63'-linked by ITCH (PubMed:18079694, PubMed:19592251). Undergoes 'Lys-63'-linked deubiquitination by MYSM1 to attenuate NOD2-mediated inflammation and tissue damage (By similarity). Polyubiquitinated with 'Lys-63'-linked chains in response to Shigella infection, promoting its SQSTM1/p62-dependent autophagic degradation (PubMed:36221902). Undergoes 'Met-1'-linked polyubiquitination; the head-to-tail linear polyubiquitination is mediated by the LUBAC complex in response to NOD2 stimulation 'Met-1'-linked polyubiquitination (PubMed:23806334). 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination by XIAP is required for recruimtent of the LUBAC complex and subsequent (PubMed:22607974). Linear polyubiquitination is restricted by FAM105B/otulin, probably to limit NOD2-dependent pro-inflammatory signaling activation of NF-kappa-B (PubMed:23806334). Ubiquitination at Lys-503 by ZNRF4 via 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination promotes RIPK2 degradation by the proteasome; ubiquitination by ZNRF4 takes place during both acute and NOD2 tolerance conditions (PubMed:28656966).

Autophosphorylated (PubMed:16824733, PubMed:21123652, PubMed:28545134, PubMed:29452636). Phosphorylated at Ser-176, either via autophosphorylation or by LRRK2, enhancing activity (PubMed:16824733, PubMed:27830463). Autophosphorylation at Tyr-474 is required for effective NOD2 signaling (PubMed:21123652). Autophosphorylation is however not essential for NOD2 signaling (PubMed:29452636). Phosphorylation at Tyr-381 by Src kinase CSK occurs in a ARHGEF2-dependent manner and is required for NOD2-dependent innate immune activation (PubMed:21887730).

Degraded via selective autophagy following interaction with IRGM (PubMed:36221902). IRGM promotes NOD1/NOD2-RIPK2 RIPosome recruitment to autophagosome membranes (PubMed:36221902). RIPK2 biquitinated via 'Lys-63'-linked chains is then recognized by SQSTM1/p62, leading to the SQSTM1/p62-dependent autophagic degradation of the NOD1/NOD2-RIPK2 RIPosome (PubMed:36221902).

(Microbial infection) Acetylation of Ser-174, Ser-176 and Ser-178 by Yersinia YopJ prevents phosphorylation and activation, thereby promoting cell death.

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family.

Detected in heart, brain, placenta, lung, peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, kidney, testis, prostate, pancreas and lymph node.

• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Peripheral membrane protein
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Recruited to the cell membrane by NOD2 following stimulation by bacterial peptidoglycans.

CARDIAK, RICK, RIP2, UNQ277/PRO314/PRO34092, RIPK2, Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2, CARD-containing interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme-associated kinase, RIP-like-interacting CLARP kinase, Receptor-interacting protein 2, Tyrosine-protein kinase RIPK2, CARD-containing IL-1 beta ICE-kinase, RIP-2

• entrezGene:8767
• omim:603455
• swissprot:O43353

Proteins

Immunology & Infectious Disease

61195Da