RPS2
Function
Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell (PubMed:23636399). The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules (PubMed:23636399). The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain (PubMed:23636399). The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:23636399). Plays a role in the assembly and function of the 40S ribosomal subunit (By similarity). Mutations in this protein affects the control of translational fidelity (By similarity). Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly (By similarity).
Post-translational modifications
Citrullinated by PADI4 in the Arg/Gly-rich region.
Asymmetric arginine dimethylation by PRMT3 occurs at multiple sites in the Arg/Gly-rich region.
Monoubiquitinated at Lys-54 and Lys-58 by RNF10 when a ribosome has stalled during translation, leading to its degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:34348161, PubMed:34469731). Deubiquitinated at Lys-54 and Lys-58 by USP10, preventing degradation by the proteasome and promoting 40S ribosome subunit recycling following ribosome dissociation (PubMed:31981475).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Probably localized to nucleolus and cytoplasm in complex with ZNF277.
Alternative names
RPS4, RPS2, Small ribosomal subunit protein uS5, 40S ribosomal protein S2, 40S ribosomal protein S4, Protein LLRep3