S100A1
GeneName
S100A1
Summary
S100A1, also known as S-100, S100, or S100 alpha, is a low molecular weight protein (11 kDa) that belongs to the S100 protein family. It is predominantly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues, as well as in the brain, particularly in the substantia nigra. S100A1 is localised in various cellular compartments, including the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum. This protein plays a role in intracellular signal transduction and is involved in calcium ion binding, which is crucial for its regulatory functions. S100A1 is known to participate in the regulation of heart contraction and vasodilation, and it can form homodimers and bind to other S100 proteins, influencing various cellular processes.
Importance
S100A1 is relevant to: - Cardiac physiology and pathology due to its role in regulating heart contraction and potential involvement in heart failure - Angiogenesis, as it positively regulates sprouting angiogenesis, which is important for tissue repair and growth - Neurobiology, particularly in the context of substantia nigra development, which is associated with Parkinson’s disease - Calcium signalling pathways, impacting various cellular functions and responses to stimuli
Top Products
For researchers investigating S100A1, we recommend two primary antibodies that stand out for their performance. The first is the well-cited monoclonal antibody, Anti-S100 antibody [4C4.9] (ab4066), which has garnered 98 citations and is particularly effective for immunohistochemistry (IHC). This product is a trusted choice for those looking to study S100A1 in tissue samples. Additionally, we offer the recombinant antibody, Anti-S100 alpha antibody [EPR19013] (ab183979), which has been validated for multiple applications, including IHC, western blotting (WB), flow cytometry (FC), and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 9 citations, this recombinant antibody provides the batch-to-batch consistency that many researchers value. Together, these antibodies provide robust options for studying S100A1 in various experimental contexts.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The S100A1 antibody (ab4066) has been utilised in immunohistochemistry studies involving both rat and mouse models. The research contexts include investigations into mesenchymal vascular stem cells from rat aorta and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in mice, indicating the relevance of S100A1 in various pathological conditions.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Small calcium binding protein that plays important roles in several biological processes such as Ca(2+) homeostasis, chondrocyte biology and cardiomyocyte regulation (PubMed:12804600). In response to an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels, binds calcium which triggers conformational changes (PubMed:23351007). These changes allow interactions with specific target proteins and modulate their activity (PubMed:22399290). Regulates a network in cardiomyocytes controlling sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) cycling and mitochondrial function through interaction with the ryanodine receptors RYR1 and RYR2, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase/ATP2A2 and mitochondrial F1-ATPase (PubMed:12804600). Facilitates diastolic Ca(2+) dissociation and myofilament mechanics in order to improve relaxation during diastole (PubMed:11717446).
Post-translational modifications
Glutathionylated; glutathionylation increases affinity to calcium about 10-fold.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the S-100 family.
Tissue Specificity
Highly prevalent in heart (PubMed:12804600, PubMed:1384693). Also found in lesser quantities in skeletal muscle and brain (PubMed:1384693).
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Mitochondrion
Alternative names
S100A, S100A1, Protein S100-A1, S-100 protein alpha chain, S-100 protein subunit alpha, S100 calcium-binding protein A1