SHANK3
Domain
In isoform 1, the N-terminal region preceding the ANK repeats interacts with the 6 ANK repeats in an intramolecular manner, thereby restricting access to ligands, such as SHARPIN and SPTAN1.
Function
Major scaffold postsynaptic density protein which interacts with multiple proteins and complexes to orchestrate the dendritic spine and synapse formation, maturation and maintenance. Interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors via complexes with GKAP/PSD-95 and HOMER, respectively, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction through the interaction with Arp2/3 and WAVE1 complex as well as the promotion of the F-actin clusters. By way of this control of actin dynamics, participates in the regulation of developing neurons growth cone motility and the NMDA receptor-signaling. Also modulates GRIA1 exocytosis and GRM5/MGLUR5 expression and signaling to control the AMPA and metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity. May be required at an early stage of synapse formation and be inhibited by IGF1 to promote synapse maturation.
Involvement in disease
A chromosomal aberration involving SHANK3 is found in patients with chromosome 22q13.3 deletion syndrome. Translocation t(12;22)(q24.1;q13.3) with APPL2/DIP13B.
Defects in SHANK3 are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), bipolar affective disorders and early dementia onset. ASD are characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication as well as restricted and stereotyped patterns of interest and activities. ASD include forms with moderate to severe cognitive impairment and milder forms with higher cognitive ability (Asperger syndrome). Gene duplication is associated with hyperkinetic neuropsychiatric disorders (PubMed:24153177) such as hyperactivity, auditory overstimulation, epilepsy and bipolar affective disorders, among others.
Phelan-McDermid syndrome
PHMDS
A developmental disorder with variable features. Common features include neonatal hypotonia, global developmental delay, normal to accelerated growth, absent to severely delayed speech, autistic behavior, and minor dysmorphic features.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Schizophrenia 15
SCZD15
A complex, multifactorial psychotic disorder or group of disorders characterized by disturbances in the form and content of thought (e.g. delusions, hallucinations), in mood (e.g. inappropriate affect), in sense of self and relationship to the external world (e.g. loss of ego boundaries, withdrawal), and in behavior (e.g bizarre or apparently purposeless behavior). Although it affects emotions, it is distinguished from mood disorders in which such disturbances are primary. Similarly, there may be mild impairment of cognitive function, and it is distinguished from the dementias in which disturbed cognitive function is considered primary. Some patients manifest schizophrenic as well as bipolar disorder symptoms and are often given the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Postsynaptic density
- Cell projection
- Dendritic spine
- In neuronal cells, extends into the region subjacent to the postsynaptic density (PSD).
Alternative names
KIAA1650, PROSAP2, PSAP2, SHANK3, SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3, Shank3, Proline-rich synapse-associated protein 2, ProSAP2