SNAP25
GeneName
SNAP25
Summary
SNAP25, also known as SNAP-25 or SUP, is a 23 kDa synaptic protein that is predominantly expressed in neurons and plays a critical role in neurotransmitter release at the synapse. It is a key component of the SNARE complex, which facilitates the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, enabling exocytosis of neurotransmitters. SNAP25 is localised to various cellular compartments, including the plasma membrane, synaptic vesicles, and the cytoplasm, and is involved in processes such as synaptic vesicle docking and priming, as well as the regulation of insulin secretion. Its interactions with other proteins, such as syntaxin-1 and synaptobrevin, are essential for effective synaptic transmission and plasticity.
Importance
SNAP25 is relevant to: - Understanding the mechanisms of synaptic transmission and plasticity, which are fundamental for learning and memory processes. - Investigating neurodegenerative diseases, as alterations in SNAP25 function can impact neurotransmitter release and contribute to neuronal dysfunction. - Exploring the regulation of insulin secretion, which has implications for diabetes research. - Studying the role of SNAP25 in various neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, due to its involvement in synaptic communication.
Top Products
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Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that SNAP25 is being studied in various contexts, including neuronal differentiation and autophagy-related processes. The use of different species, such as mouse and human, highlights the relevance of SNAP25 in both basic and translational research.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
t-SNARE involved in the molecular regulation of neurotransmitter release. May play an important role in the synaptic function of specific neuronal systems. Associates with proteins involved in vesicle docking and membrane fusion. Regulates plasma membrane recycling through its interaction with CENPF. Modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1 in pancreatic beta cells.
Involvement in disease
Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 18
CMS18
A form of congenital myasthenic syndrome, a group of disorders characterized by failure of neuromuscular transmission, including pre-synaptic, synaptic, and post-synaptic disorders that are not of autoimmune origin. Clinical features are easy fatigability and muscle weakness affecting the axial and limb muscles (with hypotonia in early-onset forms), the ocular muscles (leading to ptosis and ophthalmoplegia), and the facial and bulbar musculature (affecting sucking and swallowing, and leading to dysphonia). The symptoms fluctuate and worsen with physical effort. CMS18 is an autosomal dominant presynaptic disorder clinically characterized by early-onset muscle weakness and easy fatigability associated with delayed psychomotor development and ataxia.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Post-translational modifications
Palmitoylated (PubMed:28757145). Cys-85 appears to be the main site, and palmitoylation is required for membrane association (By similarity).
(Microbial infection) Targeted and hydrolyzed by C.botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A, botA) which hydrolyzes the 197-Gln-|-Arg-198 bond and inhibits neurotransmitter release (PubMed:15592454, PubMed:9886085).
(Microbial infection) Targeted and hydrolyzed by C.botulinum neurotoxin type C (BoNT/C) which hydrolyzes the 198-Arg-|-Ala-199 bond and inhibits neurotransmitter release (PubMed:17718519, PubMed:9886085). C.botulinum type C only rarely infects humans.
(Microbial infection) Targeted and hydrolyzed by C.botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E) which hydrolyzes the 180-Arg-|-Ile-181 bond and inhibits neurotransmitter release (PubMed:9886085).
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the SNAP-25 family.
Tissue Specificity
Neurons of the neocortex, hippocampus, piriform cortex, anterior thalamic nuclei, pontine nuclei, and granule cells of the cerebellum.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Perinuclear region
- Cell membrane
- Lipid-anchor
- Synapse
- Synaptosome
- Photoreceptor inner segment
- Membrane association requires palmitoylation. Expressed throughout cytoplasm, concentrating at the perinuclear region. Colocalizes with KCNB1 at the cell membrane (By similarity). Colocalizes with PLCL1 at the cell membrane (By similarity).
Alternative names
SNAP, SNAP25, Synaptosomal-associated protein 25, SNAP-25, Super protein, Synaptosomal-associated 25 kDa protein, SUP