SA2

Function

Component of cohesin complex, a complex required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis.

Involvement in disease

Mullegama-Klein-Martinez syndrome

MKMS

An X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with variable features including intellectual deficiency, microcephaly, microtia, hearing loss, developmental delay, dysmorphic features, language delay, congenital heart defect, and clinodactyly of the 5th finger.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Holoprosencephaly 13, X-linked

HPE13

An X-linked form of holoprosencephaly, a structural anomaly of the brain in which the developing forebrain fails to correctly separate into right and left hemispheres. Holoprosencephaly is genetically heterogeneous and associated with several distinct facies and phenotypic variability. HPE13 features range from full alobar holoprosencephaly with cyclopia to semilobar holoprosencephaly or septooptic dysplasia. Dysmorphic features include microcephaly, hypotelorism, low-set ears, micrognathia, and cleft lip/palate. Patients with a more severe phenotype may die in the newborn period, whereas those with a less severe phenotype show global developmental delay.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Post-translational modifications

Phosphorylated by PLK1. The large dissociation of cohesin from chromosome arms during prophase is partly due to its phosphorylation (By similarity).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the SCC3 family.

Cellular localization

• Nucleus
• Chromosome
• Chromosome
• Centromere
• Associates with chromatin. Before prophase it is scattered along chromosome arms. During prophase, most of cohesin complexes dissociate from chromatin probably because of phosphorylation by PLK1, except at centromeres, where cohesin complexes remain. At anaphase, the RAD21 subunit of cohesin is cleaved, leading to the dissociation of the complex from chromosomes, allowing chromosome separation. In germ cells, cohesin complex dissociates from chromatin at prophase I, and may be replaced by a meiosis-specific cohesin complex.

Alternative names

• Cohesin subunit SA-2
• SCC3 homolog 2
• Stromal antigen 2
• STAG2
• SA2

Database links

• entrezGene:10735
• omim:300826
• swissprot:Q8N3U4

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Epigenetics

Molecular weight

141326Da