SYNCRIP
Domain
The domain containing eight Arg-Gly-Gly repeats (RGG/RXR-box) may be involved in RNA-binding and protein-protein interactions. It is methylated by PRMT1, and essential for nuclear localization.
Function
Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) implicated in mRNA processing mechanisms. Component of the CRD-mediated complex that promotes MYC mRNA stability. Isoform 1, isoform 2 and isoform 3 are associated in vitro with pre-mRNA, splicing intermediates and mature mRNA protein complexes. Isoform 1 binds to apoB mRNA AU-rich sequences. Isoform 1 is part of the APOB mRNA editosome complex and may modulate the postranscriptional C to U RNA-editing of the APOB mRNA through either by binding to A1CF (APOBEC1 complementation factor), to APOBEC1 or to RNA itself. May be involved in translationally coupled mRNA turnover. Implicated with other RNA-binding proteins in the cytoplasmic deadenylation/translational and decay interplay of the FOS mRNA mediated by the major coding-region determinant of instability (mCRD) domain. Interacts in vitro preferentially with poly(A) and poly(U) RNA sequences. Isoform 3 may be involved in cytoplasmic vesicle-based mRNA transport through interaction with synaptotagmins. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma activation assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation; seems not to be essential for GAIT complex function.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylated on tyrosine. The membrane-bound form found in microsomes is phosphorylated in vitro by insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). Phosphorylation is inhibited upon binding to RNA, whereas the cytoplasmic form is poorly phosphorylated (By similarity).
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitously expressed. Detected in heart, brain, pancreas, placenta, spleen, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, thymus, prostate, uterus, small intestine, colon, peripheral blood and testis.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Microsome
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Nucleus
- The tyrosine phosphorylated form bound to RNA is found in microsomes (By similarity). Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs (By similarity).
- Isoform 1
- Nucleus
- Nucleoplasm
- Expressed predominantly in the nucleoplasm.
- Isoform 2
- Nucleus
- Nucleoplasm
- Expressed predominantly in the nucleoplasm.
- Isoform 3
- Nucleus
- Nucleoplasm
- Expressed predominantly in the nucleoplasm.
Alternative names
HNRPQ, NSAP1, SYNCRIP, Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q, hnRNP Q, Glycine- and tyrosine-rich RNA-binding protein, NS1-associated protein 1, GRY-RBP