Tfam
Domain
Binds DNA via its HMG boxes. When bound to the mitochondrial light strand promoter, bends DNA into a U-turn shape, each HMG box bending the DNA by 90 degrees (By similarity).
Function
Isoform Mitochondrial
Binds to the mitochondrial light strand promoter and functions in mitochondrial transcription regulation. Component of the mitochondrial transcription initiation complex, composed at least of TFB2M, TFAM and POLRMT that is required for basal transcription of mitochondrial DNA. In this complex, TFAM recruits POLRMT to a specific promoter whereas TFB2M induces structural changes in POLRMT to enable promoter opening and trapping of the DNA non-template strand. Required for accurate and efficient promoter recognition by the mitochondrial RNA polymerase. Promotes transcription initiation from the HSP1 and the light strand promoter by binding immediately upstream of transcriptional start sites. Is able to unwind DNA. Bends the mitochondrial light strand promoter DNA into a U-turn shape via its HMG boxes. Required for maintenance of normal levels of mitochondrial DNA. May play a role in organizing and compacting mitochondrial DNA (By similarity).
Isoform Nuclear
May also function as a transcriptional activator or may have a structural role in the compaction of nuclear DNA during spermatogenesis.
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylation by PKA within the HMG box 1 impairs DNA binding and promotes degradation by the AAA+ Lon protease.
Tissue Specificity
The mitochondrial isoform is widely expressed while the nuclear isoform is testis-specific.
Cellular localization
- Isoform Mitochondrial
- Mitochondrion
- Mitochondrion matrix
- Mitochondrion nucleoid
- Isoform Nuclear
- Nucleus
Alternative names
mtTFA, Tfam