Thyroid peroxidase
GeneName
TPO
Summary
Thyroid peroxidase, also known as hTPO, is a 103 kDa enzyme that is primarily expressed in the thyroid gland. It is located at the plasma membrane and extracellular space, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones by catalysing the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin. TPO exhibits peroxidase activity, which is essential for the generation of hydrogen peroxide, a substrate for the iodination process. Additionally, it binds calcium ions and heme, which may be involved in its enzymatic functions and stability.
Importance
Thyroid peroxidase is relevant to: - Thyroid disorders, such as Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, as it is a target for autoimmune responses - The regulation of thyroid hormone levels, which are critical for metabolic processes and development - Understanding oxidative stress mechanisms, given its role in hydrogen peroxide catabolism - The investigation of embryonic hemopoiesis and its implications in developmental biology and endocrinology
Top Products
For researchers investigating TPO, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase/TPO antibody [EPR5380] (ab109383). This antibody has been validated in several applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunoprecipitation (IP), making it a versatile tool for your research needs. With 10 citations, it has garnered attention in the scientific community, reflecting its reliability and effectiveness in TPO studies. This recombinant antibody ensures batch-to-batch consistency, providing confidence in your experimental results. The Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase/TPO antibody ELISA Kit (ab278525), supported by 3 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure TPO levels in their samples.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that the TPO antibody ab203057 has been utilised in studies focusing on thyroid gene expression in rats, employing both immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry techniques. This suggests a significant interest in the role of TPO in thyroid function and related disorders.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
Iodination and coupling of the hormonogenic tyrosines in thyroglobulin to yield the thyroid hormones T(3) and T(4).
Involvement in disease
An alternative splicing in the thyroperoxidase mRNA can cause Graves' disease.
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 2A
TDH2A
A disorder due to defective conversion of accumulated iodide to organically bound iodine. The iodide organification defect can be partial or complete.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Pathway
Hormone biosynthesis; thyroid hormone biosynthesis.
Post-translational modifications
Glycosylated.
Heme is covalently bound through a H(2)O(2)-dependent autocatalytic process. Heme insertion is important for the delivery of protein at the cell surface.
Cleaved in its N-terminal part.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the peroxidase family. XPO subfamily.
Cellular localization
- Membrane
- Single-pass type I membrane protein
- Isoform 3
- Cell surface
Alternative names
Thyroid peroxidase, TPO