TIRAP
Domain
(Microbial infection) The TIR domain is structurally mimicked by the TIR domain of B.melitensis protein TcpB.
Function
Adapter involved in TLR2, TLR4 and RAGE signaling pathways in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK2 and TRAF-6, leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, and resulting in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Positively regulates the production of TNF-alpha (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL6).
Post-translational modifications
Phosphorylated by IRAK1 and IRAK4. Also phosphorylated by BTK.
Polyubiquitinated. Polyubiquitination follows phosphorylation by BTK and leads to TIRAP degradation.
Tissue Specificity
Highly expressed in liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle and heart. Also detected in peripheral blood leukocytes, lung, placenta, small intestine, thymus, colon and brain.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Membrane
- Colocalizes with DAB2IP at the plasma membrane.
Alternative names
MAL, TIRAP, Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein, TIR domain-containing adapter protein, Adaptor protein Wyatt, MyD88 adapter-like protein, MyD88-2