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TLR7

OverviewProducts

Domain

Contains two binding domains, first site for small ligands and second site for ssRNA.

Function

Endosomal receptor that plays a key role in innate and adaptive immunity (PubMed:14976261, PubMed:32433612). Controls host immune response against pathogens through recognition of uridine-containing single strand RNAs (ssRNAs) of viral origin or guanosine analogs (PubMed:31608988, PubMed:27742543, PubMed:12738885, PubMed:32706371). Upon binding to agonists, undergoes dimerization that brings TIR domains from the two molecules into direct contact, leading to the recruitment of TIR-containing downstream adapter MYD88 through homotypic interaction (PubMed:27742543). In turn, the Myddosome signaling complex is formed involving IRAK4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRAF3 leading to activation of downstream transcription factors NF-kappa-B and IRF7 to induce proinflammatory cytokines and interferons, respectively (PubMed:27742543, PubMed:32706371).

Involvement in disease

Immunodeficiency 74, COVID19-related, X-linked

IMD74

An X-linked recessive immunologic disorder characterized by impaired type I and type II interferon responses due to defective TLR7 signaling. Individuals with TLR7 deficiency develop severe respiratory insufficiency in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Death from respiratory failure may occur.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family.

Tissue specificity

Detected in brain, placenta, spleen, stomach, small intestine, lung and in plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells. Expressed in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PubMed:32706371).

Cellular localization

  • Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  • Single-pass type I membrane protein
  • Endosome
  • Lysosome
  • Cytoplasmic vesicle
  • Phagosome
  • Relocalizes from endoplasmic reticulum to endosome and lysosome upon stimulation with agonist.

Alternative names

  • Toll-like receptor 7
  • TLR7
  • UNQ248/PRO285

Database links

Target type

Proteins

Primary research area

Immunology & Infectious Disease

Other research areas

  • Immuno-oncology

Molecular weight

120922Da