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TLR7

GeneName

TLR7

Summary

TLR7, also known as Toll-like receptor 7, is a 121 kDa transmembrane protein that plays a vital role in the innate immune response. It is primarily expressed in immune cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells, and is localised to various cellular compartments including the endosome, lysosome, and plasma membrane. TLR7 functions as a pattern recognition receptor that detects single-stranded RNA and double-stranded RNA, triggering downstream signalling pathways such as the NF-kappaB and JNK cascades. This activation leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons, which are crucial for mounting an effective defence against viral infections.

Importance

TLR7 is relevant to: - Viral infections and the immune response due to its role in recognising viral RNA and initiating inflammatory pathways - Autoimmune diseases, as its activation can lead to excessive inflammatory responses - Vaccine development, particularly in designing adjuvants that stimulate TLR7 for enhanced immune responses - Research on cancer immunotherapy, given its potential to modulate immune responses against tumours.

Top Products

For researchers investigating TLR7, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-TLR7 antibody [EPR2088(2)] (ab124928). This well-cited antibody has garnered 19 citations, reflecting its reliability and trust within the research community. It has been validated for use in Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), making it an excellent choice for various experimental needs. The recombinant nature of this antibody ensures batch-to-batch consistency, providing researchers with confidence in their results.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates that TLR7 is being investigated in the context of the TLR7/8–MyD88–NF-κB signalling pathways, highlighting its potential role in immune responses and inflammation. The use of Western blotting in mouse models suggests a focus on understanding the molecular mechanisms involved.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Product Code
Species
Application
Study Context
PMID
ab124928
Mouse
WB
TLR7/8–MyD88–NF-κB signalling pathways
31181689

Domain

Contains two binding domains, first site for small ligands and second site for ssRNA.

Function

Endosomal receptor that plays a key role in innate and adaptive immunity (PubMed:14976261, PubMed:32433612). Controls host immune response against pathogens through recognition of uridine-containing single strand RNAs (ssRNAs) of viral origin or guanosine analogs (PubMed:12738885, PubMed:27742543, PubMed:31608988, PubMed:32706371, PubMed:35477763). Upon binding to agonists, undergoes dimerization that brings TIR domains from the two molecules into direct contact, leading to the recruitment of TIR-containing downstream adapter MYD88 through homotypic interaction (PubMed:27742543). In turn, the Myddosome signaling complex is formed involving IRAK4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRAF3 leading to activation of downstream transcription factors NF-kappa-B and IRF7 to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons, respectively (PubMed:27742543, PubMed:32706371). In plasmacytoid dendritic cells, RNASET2 endonuclease cooperates with PLD3 or PLD4 5'->3' exonucleases to process RNA and release 2',3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (2',3'-cGMP) and cytidine-rich RNA fragments that occupy TLR7 ligand-binding pockets and trigger a signaling-competent state.

Involvement in disease

Immunodeficiency 74, COVID19-related, X-linked

IMD74

An X-linked recessive immunologic disorder characterized by impaired type I and type II interferon responses due to defective TLR7 signaling. Individuals with TLR7 deficiency develop severe respiratory insufficiency in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Death from respiratory failure may occur.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Systemic lupus erythematosus 17

SLEB17

A form of systemic lupus erythematosus, a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys and serosal membranes. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. SLEB17 is an X-linked dominant form characterized by onset of systemic autoinflammatory symptoms in the first decades of life.

None

The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Sequence Similarities

Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family.

Tissue Specificity

Detected in brain, placenta, spleen, stomach, small intestine, lung and in plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells. Expressed in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PubMed:32706371).

Cellular localization

Alternative names

UNQ248/PRO285, TLR7, Toll-like receptor 7

swissprot:Q9NYK1 entrezGene:51284 omim:300365

Other research areas