TXNDC/TMX

Thiredoxin domain-containing protein that participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyze dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions (PubMed:11152479, PubMed:37648867). Acts as a key inhibitor of the alternative triglyceride biosynthesis pathway by inhibiting the activity of TMEM68/DIESL at the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby restricting accumulation of triacylglycerol (PubMed:37648867). The alternative triglyceride biosynthesis pathway mediates formation of triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and membrane phospholipids (PubMed:37648867). Acts as a protein disulfide isomerase by catalyzing formation or reduction of disulfide bonds (PubMed:22228764, PubMed:29932915). Specifically mediates formation of disulfide bonds of transmembrane proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (PubMed:22228764). Involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) via its protein disulfide isomerase activity by acting on folding-defective polypeptides at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (PubMed:29932915). Acts as a negative regulator of platelet aggregation following secretion in the extracellular space (PubMed:30425049). Acts as a regulator of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites via its ability to regulate redox signals (PubMed:27502484, PubMed:31304984). Regulates endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria Ca(2+) flux (PubMed:27502484).

Palmitoylated; palmitoylation is required for localization to mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM).

Ubiquitous (PubMed:11152479). Highly expressed in kidney, liver, placenta and lung (PubMed:11152479).

• Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Mitochondrion membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Secreted
• Predominantly found in the endoplasmic reticulum (PubMed:11152479). Secreted in the extracellular space following thrombin stimulation (PubMed:30425049). Localizes to mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM); palmitoylation is required for MAM localization (PubMed:22045338, PubMed:27502484, PubMed:31304984).

TMX, TXNDC, TXNDC1, PSEC0085, UNQ235/PRO268, TMX1, Thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1, Protein disulfide-isomerase TMX1, Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 1, Transmembrane Trx-related protein

• entrezGene:81542
• omim:610527
• swissprot:Q9H3N1

Proteins

31791Da