Tor1a
Function
Protein with chaperone functions important for the control of protein folding, processing, stability and localization as well as for the reduction of misfolded protein aggregates. Involved in the regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling, controls STON2 protein stability in collaboration with the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN). In the nucleus, may link the cytoskeleton with the nuclear envelope, this mechanism seems to be crucial for the control of nuclear polarity, cell movement and, specifically in neurons, nuclear envelope integrity. Participates in the cellular trafficking and may regulate the subcellular location of multipass membrane proteins such as the dopamine transporter SLC6A3, leading to the modulation of dopamine neurotransmission. In the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a role in the quality control of protein folding by increasing clearance of misfolded proteins such as SGCE variants or holding them in an intermediate state for proper refolding. May have a redundant function with TOR1B in non-neural tissues (By similarity).
Post-translational modifications
N-glycosylated.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family. Torsin subfamily.
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in brain (at protein level).
Cellular localization
- Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- Nucleus inner membrane
- Peripheral membrane protein
- Cell projection
- Growth cone
- Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
- Cytoplasmic vesicle
- Secretory vesicle
- Cytoplasmic vesicle
- Secretory vesicle
- Synaptic vesicle
- Peripherally associated with the inner face of the ER membrane, probably mediated by the interaction with TOR1AIP1. The association with nucleus envelope is mediated by the interaction with TOR1AIP2. Upon oxidative stress, redistributes to protusions from the cell surface.
Alternative names
Dyt1, Torsin-1A, Dystonia 1 protein, Torsin ATPase 1