TREM1

Function

Isoform 1

Cell surface receptor that plays important roles in innate and adaptive immunity by amplifying inflammatory responses (PubMed:10799849, PubMed:21393102). Upon activation by various ligands such as PGLYRP1, HMGB1 or HSP70, multimerizes and forms a complex with transmembrane adapter TYROBP/DAP12 (PubMed:17568691, PubMed:25595774, PubMed:29568119). In turn, initiates a SYK-mediated cascade of tyrosine phosphorylation, activating multiple downstream mediators such as BTK, MAPK1, MAPK3 or phospholipase C-gamma (PubMed:14656437, PubMed:21659545). This cascade promotes the neutrophil- and macrophage-mediated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or chemokines, as well as their migration and thereby amplifies inflammatory responses that are triggered by bacterial and fungal infections (PubMed:17098818, PubMed:17568691). By also promoting the amplification of inflammatory signals that are initially triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR) and NOD-like receptor engagement, plays a major role in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of different etiologies including septic shock and atherosclerosis (PubMed:11323674, PubMed:21393102).

Isoform 2

Acts as a decoy receptor, counterbalancing TREM1 pro-inflammatory activity through the neutralization of its ligand.

Post-translational modifications

Glycosylated.

Tissue Specificity

Mostly expressed by immune cells of the myeloid lineage, such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells (PubMed:10799849). Expression is associated with a mature stage of myeloid development (PubMed:11922939). Highly expressed in adult liver, lung and spleen than in corresponding fetal tissue. Also expressed in the lymph node, placenta, spinal cord and heart tissues. Isoform 2 was detected in the lung, liver and mature monocytes.

Cellular localization

• Isoform 1
• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Recruited to lipid rafts when activated.
• Isoform 2
• Secreted

Alternative names

CD354, Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, TREM-1, Triggering receptor expressed on monocytes 1, TREM1

Database links

swissprot:Q9NP99 omim:605085 entrezGene:54210

Other research areas

• Cardiovascular
• Neuroscience