Receptor for the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin (PubMed:11847099, PubMed:12045258). Also acts as a receptor for the heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone (GPHA2:GPHB5) or thyrostimulin (PubMed:12045258). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase (PubMed:11847099). Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism (By similarity).
Defects in TSHR are found in patients affected by hyperthyroidism with different etiologies. Somatic, constitutively activating TSHR mutations and/or constitutively activating G(s)alpha mutations have been identified in toxic thyroid nodules (TTNs) that are the predominant cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine deficient areas. These mutations lead to TSH independent activation of the cAMP cascade resulting in thyroid growth and hormone production. TSHR mutations are found in autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas (HTA). TMNG encompasses a spectrum of different clinical entities, ranging from a single hyperfunctioning nodule within an enlarged thyroid, to multiple hyperfunctioning areas scattered throughout the gland. HTA are discrete encapsulated neoplasms characterized by TSH-independent autonomous growth, hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, and TSH suppression. Defects in TSHR are also a cause of thyroid neoplasms (papillary and follicular cancers).
Autoantibodies against TSHR are directly responsible for the pathogenesis and hyperthyroidism of Graves disease. Antibody interaction with TSHR results in an uncontrolled receptor stimulation.
Hypothyroidism, congenital, non-goitrous, 1
CHNG1
A non-autoimmune condition characterized by resistance to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) leading to increased levels of plasma TSH and low levels of thyroid hormone. It presents variable severity depending on the completeness of the defect. Most patients are euthyroid and asymptomatic, with a normal sized thyroid gland. Only a subset of patients develop hypothyroidism and present a hypoplastic thyroid gland.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Familial gestational hyperthyroidism
HTFG
A condition characterized by abnormally high levels of serum thyroid hormones occurring during early pregnancy.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Hyperthyroidism, non-autoimmune
HTNA
A condition characterized by abnormally high levels of serum thyroid hormones, thyroid hyperplasia, goiter and lack of anti-thyroid antibodies. Typical features of Graves disease such as exophthalmia, myxedema, antibodies anti-TSH receptor and lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland are absent.
None
The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Glycosylated.
Sulfated. Sulfation on Tyr-385 plays a role in thyrotropin receptor binding and activation.
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. FSH/LSH/TSH subfamily.
Expressed in thyroide cells (at protein level) (PubMed:11847099). Expressed in the thyroid (PubMed:2610690).
LGR3, TSHR, Thyrotropin receptor, Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, TSH-R
Proteins
Cardiovascular
86830Da
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