Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers. Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms. Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin.
Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglycylated, resulting in polyglycine chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Glycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering polyglycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of polyglycylation is still unclear.
Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group (By similarity). Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold (By similarity).
Undergoes a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle, the cyclic removal and re-addition of a C-terminal tyrosine residue by the enzymes tubulin tyrosine carboxypeptidase (MATCAP1, VASH1 or VASH2) and tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL), respectively.
Tubulin alpha-1A chain
Tyrosination promotes microtubule interaction with CAP-Gly microtubule plus-end tracking proteins. Tyrosinated tubulins regulate the initiation of dynein-driven motility.
Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-1A chain
Detyrosination is involved in metaphase plate congression by guiding chromosomes during mitosis (By similarity). Detyrosination increases microtubules-dependent mechanotransduction in dystrophic cardiac and skeletal muscle. In cardiomyocytes, detyrosinated microtubules are required to resist to contractile compression during contraction (By similarity).
Belongs to the tubulin family.
Tubulin alpha-1A chain
Proteins
Research Tools
45901Da
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