TXNIP
GeneName
TXNIP
Summary
TXNIP, also known as thioredoxin interacting protein or VDUP1, is a 44 kDa protein that is primarily expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of various cell types. It plays a significant role in cellular responses to oxidative stress and inflammation, acting as an inhibitor of thioredoxin, which is involved in redox regulation. TXNIP is implicated in several biological processes, including the negative regulation of cell division and transcription by RNA polymerase II, as well as the positive regulation of apoptosis. Additionally, it is involved in the cellular response to stimuli such as oxidised low-density lipoprotein, glucose, and hydrogen peroxide, highlighting its role in metabolic and stress response pathways.
Importance
TXNIP is relevant to: - Metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes, due to its role in glucose regulation and response to oxidative stress. - Cancer research, as it influences cell proliferation and apoptosis, potentially affecting tumour growth and progression. - Cardiovascular diseases, given its involvement in inflammatory responses and cellular reactions to oxidised lipoproteins. - Neurodegenerative disorders, where its regulation of oxidative stress may impact neuronal survival and function.
Top Products
For researchers investigating TXNIP, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-TXNIP antibody [EPR14774] (ab188865). This well-cited antibody has garnered 126 citations, reflecting its strong reputation in the field. It has been validated in knockout models, ensuring reliable performance in both Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). This versatility makes it an excellent choice for those seeking consistent and effective detection of TXNIP in their experiments.
Abcam Product Citation Summary
The data indicates that TXNIP is being studied in various contexts, particularly in human cell lines and samples, as well as in mouse models. The focus of these studies includes the sensitivity to Elesclomol, the binding of MondoA to gene promoters, and the role of TXNIP in AAA progression and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Abcam Product Citation Table
Function
May act as an oxidative stress mediator by inhibiting thioredoxin activity or by limiting its bioavailability (PubMed:17603038). Interacts with COPS5 and restores COPS5-induced suppression of CDKN1B stability, blocking the COPS5-mediated translocation of CDKN1B from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (By similarity). Functions as a transcriptional repressor, possibly by acting as a bridge molecule between transcription factors and corepressor complexes, and over-expression will induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest (PubMed:12821938). Required for the maturation of natural killer cells (By similarity). Acts as a suppressor of tumor cell growth (PubMed:18541147). Inhibits the proteasomal degradation of DDIT4, and thereby contributes to the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) (PubMed:21460850).
Post-translational modifications
Ubiquitinated; undergoes heterotypic 'Lys-48'-/'Lys-63'-branched polyubiquitination catalyzed by ITCH and UBR5 resulting in proteasomal degradation.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the arrestin family.
Cellular localization
- Cytoplasm
Alternative names
VDUP1, TXNIP, Thioredoxin-interacting protein, Thioredoxin-binding protein 2, Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1