VCAM1

GeneName

VCAM1

Summary

VCAM1, also known as CD106 or vascular cell adhesion protein 1, is an 81 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells and plays a vital role in mediating adhesion between leukocytes and the vascular endothelium. It is localised primarily at the cell surface and is involved in various cellular processes including cell-cell adhesion, particularly through its interactions with integrins on leukocytes. VCAM1 is also implicated in the response to inflammatory stimuli and is involved in the differentiation of B cells and cardiac neurons, as well as in the cellular response to factors such as tumour necrosis factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Its presence in extracellular exosomes suggests a potential role in intercellular communication and signalling.

Importance

VCAM1 is relevant to: - Inflammatory diseases, as it facilitates leukocyte adhesion and migration during immune responses - Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases due to its role in endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment - Cancer progression, given its involvement in the interactions between tumour cells and the vascular endothelium - Neuroinflammatory conditions, where it may contribute to the infiltration of immune cells into the central nervous system

Top Products

For researchers investigating VCAM1, we highly recommend the top-selling recombinant antibody, Anti-VCAM1 antibody [EPR5047] (ab134047). This antibody has been validated in knockout models, ensuring its reliability in various applications, including Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry (FC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoprecipitation (IP). With 409 citations, it is well-regarded in the research community, making it an excellent choice for those seeking robust and consistent performance in their studies of VCAM1. The Human VCAM1 ELISA Kit (ab223591), supported by 12 citations, is an excellent option for researchers looking to accurately measure VCAM1 levels in their samples.

Abcam Product Citation Summary

The data indicates that VCAM1 is frequently studied in the context of inflammation and vascular biology, particularly in mouse models. The use of Western blotting and immunohistochemistry highlights its role in various conditions such as atherosclerosis, leukocyte recruitment, and endothelial activation. Human studies also focus on VCAM1's involvement in CNS vessel dynamics and astrocyte responses.

Abcam Product Citation Table

Domain

Either the first or the fourth Ig-like C2-type domain is required for VLA4-dependent cell adhesion.

Function

Cell adhesion glycoprotein predominantly expressed on the surface of endothelial cells that plays an important role in immune surveillance and inflammation (PubMed:31310649). Acts as a major regulator of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium through interaction with different types of integrins (PubMed:10209034). During inflammatory responses, binds ligands on the surface of activated endothelial cells to initiate the activation of calcium channels and the plasma membrane-associated small GTPase RAC1 leading to leukocyte transendothelial migration (PubMed:22970700). Serves also as a quality-control checkpoint for entry into bone marrow by providing a 'don't-eat-me' stamping in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I presentation (PubMed:35210567).

Post-translational modifications

Cleaved by the metalloproteinase ADAM17 to generate the soluble form.

Sialoglycoprotein.

Ubiquitinated by TRIM65 via 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination; leading to proteasomal degradation.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed on inflamed vascular endothelium, as well as on macrophage-like and dendritic cell types in both normal and inflamed tissue.

Cellular localization

• Vascular cell adhesion protein 1
• Cell membrane
• Single-pass type I membrane protein
• Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
• Secreted

Alternative names

CD106, Vascular cell adhesion protein 1, V-CAM 1, VCAM-1, INCAM-100, VCAM1

Database links

swissprot:P19320 omim:192225 genbank:NP_001069.1 genbank:NP_001186763.1 entrezGene:7412

Other research areas

• Cardiovascular
• Neuroscience