VTCN1
Function
Negatively regulates T-cell-mediated immune response by inhibiting T-cell activation, proliferation, cytokine production and development of cytotoxicity. When expressed on the cell surface of tumor macrophages, plays an important role, together with regulatory T-cells (Treg), in the suppression of tumor-associated antigen-specific T-cell immunity. Involved in promoting epithelial cell transformation.
Post-translational modifications
N-glycosylated.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN/MOG family.
Tissue Specificity
Overexpressed in breast, ovarian, endometrial, renal cell (RCC) and non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Expressed on activated T- and B-cells, monocytes and dendritic cells, but not expressed in most normal tissues (at protein level). Widely expressed, including in kidney, liver, lung, ovary, placenta, spleen and testis.
Cellular localization
- Cell membrane
- Single-pass type I membrane protein
- Expressed at the cell surface. A soluble form has also been detected.
Alternative names
B7H4, UNQ659/PRO1291, VTCN1, V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1, B7 homolog 4, B7h.5, Immune costimulatory protein B7-H4, Protein B7S1, T-cell costimulatory molecule B7x, B7-H4